The physical development of children is rightfully considered one of the most important criteria for assessing health, since it takes into account not only the influence of environmental factors of abiotic and biotic nature, the socio-economic state of the region of residence, the presence or absence of diseases, but also hereditary predisposition, including developmental features characteristic of different ethnic groups. The physical development of newborns is one of the main indicators of the health of the child population and the general population in need of constant monitoring, which would allow to determine the features of growth and development formed in the conditions of a certain lifestyle and habitat of the mother during pregnancy, timely identify deviations from the normal level of physical development and develop measures to prevent and eliminate violations. The aim of the study was to conduct an index assessment of the physical development of newborns to identify regional characteristics. The article presents an index assessment of the physical development of newborns in the Altai Territory, by calculating the mass-growth index (Ketle-I) and the Erisman index. The study included full-term newborns of both sexes (776 girls and 1249 boys) born during 2014 in a maternity hospital in Barnaul. The following regional features of the physical development of newborns were established for the region: disharmonious development by the type of elongation, inconsistencies of longitudinal dimensions with transverse ones, as well as a high incidence of prenatal hypotrophy in children born in the cold months of the year, most likely explained by eating disorders, nutritional imbalance, as well as vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy in their mothers. The data obtained can be applied in the compilation of regional centile tables along with other methods of assessing the physical development of newborns.
Introduction: An important health indicator of a newborn available for measurement immediately after birth is the extent of physical development, which reflects individual sex and physique characteristics, various climatic, geographical, and socio-economic living conditions. Objective: To assess physical development of newborns in a large agro-industrial center using international standards that take into account gestational age by months of the year. Materials and methods: We examined archived medical records of women who gave birth in 2014 in the city of Barnaul to analyze anthropometric parameters of 2,019 newborns (788 girls and 1,231 boys), their gestational age, and medical histories of the mothers. All pregnancies were singleton; no congenital malformations were registered in the sample. The analysis of the correspondence of anthropometric parameters of the child at birth to the gestational age and assessment of physical development were carried out using sex-specific INTERGROWTH-21st charts by the seasons of the year. Results: We established some seasonal variations in the body weight of newborns requiring a more detailed monitoring assessment. Conclusion: The use of international standards for assessing physical development of newborns will allow an in-depth consideration of the problem of children’s health maintenance since they take into account gestational age, thus enabling early diagnosis of developmental abnormalities.
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