Calcium carbonate nanoparticles (nCaCO 3) was synthesized using optimized process of ultrasound assisted precipitation technique. Due to ultra-sonication phenomena, reacting components of reaction mixture gets dispersed uniformly, and at the same time nCaCO 3 particles agglomerate with each other due to strong electrostatic force of attraction developed over their surface. The de-agglomeration and charge nullification were achieved using surface modification of CaCO 3 nanoparticles using triethoxy vinyl silane (TEVS) under ultrasound environment. The surface modification of nCaCO 3 particles was confirmed using Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Size, shape and formation of nCaCO 3 particles at nanoscale were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The size of unmodified and modified nCaCO 3 was found to be ≈50-80 and 50-90 nm, respectively, with square crystal structure morphology. Due to the surface modification by TEVS, thin layer was formed over the surface of nCaCO 3 particle, which was confirmed by TEM micrograph. The purpose behind carry out this reaction under ultrasound environment is to optimize synthesis procedure of nCaCO 3 particles, to provide effective ultrafine precipitation and give stable & uniform dispersion of inorganic particles with reactants. Moreover, the acoustic waves of ultrasound treatment are an effective controlling parameter to obtain uniform dispersion of inorganic nanoparticles in solution by producing non-linear effects in reaction mixture. In this ultrasound treatment, transient cavitation and acoustic stretching are the most dominant affecting parameters, which give homogeneous dispersion of nCaCO 3 .
II-VI semiconductor based ternary CdMnS compound material has received more attention due to its wide area of applications in semiconductor technology. Cd1 -xMnxS (x 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) thin films were successfully prepared by chemical bath deposition technique on non-conducting glass substrates. Thin films were deposited at a bath temperature of 80 C and pH 11 by using the chemical bath reaction of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) and manganese chloride (MnCl2) with thiourea (NH4)2S in an aqueous solution. Further, the prepared samples were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence, XRD, SEM and EDAX to study the optical, structural, surface, and chemical properties. Effect of Mn 2+ ions on the film thickness of Cd1 -xMnxS films was investigated using weight difference technique. The film thickness of Cd1 -xMnxS films decreases as Mn 2+ ions increase in the bath solution. The polycrystalline nature with hexagonal and cubic structures of the as-deposited films was confirmed by XRD. The band gap value of the deposited films was observed to increase with increasing Mn 2+ ion concentration, this might be ascribed to the fact that Cd atom was substituted by Mn atom in the CdS structure. EDAX analysis confirmed the deposition of Cd, Mn and S elements in the films. Photoluminescence spectra of Cd1 -xMnxS with different values of the composition parameter x exhibited two emission peaks with different intensities. The measurement of the electrical resistivity of Cd1 -xMnxS films was performed at room temperature using two probe methods. The variation in electrical resistivity values with compositional parameters was discussed based on deposition parameters. The investigated polycrystalline Cd1 -xMnxS thin films show promising technological applications in semiconductor industry.
The growth and study of Cd1-xMnxS (x = 0.4) nanocrystalline thin films on glass substrate using chemical bath deposition techniques with the Mn doping has been presented. We report the film deposition and optimization of the growth parameters that maximizes the thickness of the deposited film in alkaline solutions. The preparative parameters such as bath temperature, deposition time, pH, precursor concentration etc. were optimized to get good quality films. The deposited film showed an optical transmittance of about 80% with band gap 2.81 eV for a molar composition of x=0.4. The film thickness was found decreased with increase in Mn 2+ concentration. Further, deposited films were characterized by using UV-visible spectrophotometer. The film thickness was estimated using gravimetric weight difference method. The composition of the films was estimated by using EDAX and surface morphology was studied by using FESEM characterizations.
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