Foram obtidas as propriedades mecânicas e viscoelásticas da poliuretana derivada do óleo de mamona após sua exposição ao intemperismo artificial, a fim de avaliar a aplicabilidade deste material como revestimento polimérico para substratos de concreto na Construção Civil. Os procedimentos experimentais foram realizados em conformidade com a ASTM G 53 for "Operating Light and Water Exposure Apparatus (Fluorescent UV - Condensation Type) for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials"[1]. O ensaio para a caracterização mecânica dos corpos-de-prova após exposição ao intemperismo artificial foi realizado conforme a norma ASTM D 638M-96 "Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics (Metric)"[2]. Foi empregado o método de análise dinâmico-mecânica para a obtenção das propriedades viscoelásticas da poliuretana vegetal. Os resultados mostraram que a exposição ao intemperismo artificial não ocasionou mudanças significativas nas propriedades do revestimento polimérico para o tempo de exposição estudado.
The present study examined the ultrastructure of the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle of the horse. The material was fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 m sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.3, processed and analysed by scanning electron microscopy. The choroid plexus was characterized by regions with a predominance of villi, which resembled finger-like projections or bunches of grapes, and others where straight and uniform folds predominated. Epithelial cells projected into the ventricle and large amounts of cilia and microvilli were observed on their surface. The choroid glomus corresponded to a dilatation of the choroid plexus and was characterized by blood vessels of different calibres surrounded by connective tissue.
The properties of cement based composites depend not only on the properties of their individual components but also on their interfacial characteristics and transition zone between fiber and matrix. There has been a renewed interest in the use of cellulosic pulp as micro-fiber reinforcement in cement based composites. The addition of nanoparticles, such as colloidal silica, to fiber-cement could allow a better control of its microstructure and the enhancement of the matrix/fiber interface. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effects of colloidal silica on the microstructure and mechanical performance of cementitious matrices and fiber-cement composites. These cementitious materials were prepared with 0%, 1.5%, 3%, 5% and 10% w/w colloidal silica suspension content. Cementitious matrices without fibers were produced by vibration. Fiber-cement composites with unbleached Eucalyptus kraft pulp as a micro-fiber reinforcement were produced by the slurry dewatering technique followed by pressing. All composite materials were cured by water immersion. A splitting (Brazilian) test was carried out to determine the tensile strength of cementitious matrices. Mechanical behavior of the fiber-cement composites was evaluated via modulus of rupture and fracture toughness based on load-displacement curves (L-d curves) under continuous loading and 3-point bending arrangement. The energy of fracture was measured through a stable crack propagation test with SENB (single-edge notched bending) configuration also under a 3-point bending arrangement. The matrix with highest content of colloidal silica suspension (10% w/w) presented high values of water absorption and consequently presented the lowest splitting tensile strength. The average values of modulus of rupture and fracture toughness of fiber-cement tend to decrease with increasing colloidal silica content. However, the pullout mechanism increased significantly in the fiber-cement composites with additions between 3% and 10% w/w of colloidal silica suspension as compared to that without any addition, noted by degree of improvement in the energy of fracture and by scanning electron microscopy micrographs (SEM). These findings show the potential use of colloidal silica to improve the transition zone between the cellulosic fiber and the cementitious matrix. The results of this study show an important way to engineer and control the fracture process of the composites.
Apesar de suas excelentes características técnicas e estéticas, a aplicação do porcelanato requer especial atenção quanto aos procedimentos de execução, devido ser um material diferente das cerâmicas convencionais, principalmente quando aplicados às fachadas as quais estão sujeitas a diversos agentes capazes de danificar os revestimentos cerâmicos. Podem ser encontrados na literatura trabalhos científicos que estudam as propriedades das argamassas colantes para assentamento de materiais cerâmicos com absorção de água superior a 3%, o que não é observado para os porcelanatos que apresentam absorção de água próxima de zero. Essa é a principal causa da perda ou falta de aderência entre o tardoz da placa de porcelanato e a argamassa, pois não permite o mecanismo de aderência mecânica existente nas cerâmicas porosas. O presente trabalho apresenta algumas propriedades de argamassas com adições de polímero e sílica ativa para a fixação de porcelanato, contribuindo para solucionar os problemas encontrados quanto a falta de aderência. A adição combinada de polímero e sílica ativa às argamassas resulta em excelentes propriedades, ideais para reparos e revestimentos que exigem elevado desempenho, o que viabiliza seu estudo visando a fixação de porcelanato. Os procedimentos experimentais para a determinação da aderência seguiram as prescrições constantes na NBR 14084 - Argamassa colante industrializada para assentamento de cerâmica - Determinação da resistência de aderência. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram a importância da continuidade do estudo, além da aplicabilidade das argamassas especiais quanto a fixação do revestimento cerâmico em estudo. São apresentadas micrografias das amostras fraturadas das argamassas obtidas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, assim como o diâmetro médio dos poros das argamassas obtido por porosimetria por intrusão de mercúrio.
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