This report details the evaluation of the reduction in radioactive liquid waste from the analytical laboratories sent to the Process Effluent Waste system (deep tanks). The contributors are the Analytical Laboratories Department (ALD), the Waste Operations Department, the laboratories at CPP-637, and natural run off. Other labs were contacted to learn of methods used and if any new technologies had emerged. A waste generation database was made from the current methods in use in the ALD. From this database, methods were targeted to reduce waste. Individuals were contacted on ways to reduce waste. The results are: a new method generating much less waste, several methods being handled differently, some cleaning processes being changed to reduce waste, and changes to reduce chemicals to waste. iv SUMMARYThis report covers the waste reduction efforts to reduce analytical waste to the deep tanks (WG-100, WG-101, WH-100, and WH-101). Efforts were limited to the analytical chemistry labs, since they were the major contributors. Analytical Chemistry had several potential ways that could reduce waste generation.A database was developed on the 1997/1998 analytical methods used. Emphasis was put on the year 1998. Waste was categorized based on method, sample waste and cleanup waste. The methods with the greatest waste generation were looked at for ways to reduce or change to accomplish a reduction in waste. These were looked at because they would have the greatest impact on waste reduction.Other laboratories were contacted to discover their waste reduction efforts. These reduction efforts by other labs were compared with the INTEC labs to see if anything was usable.Recommendations were made on how to make more reductions. Most of these are in the process of being implemented.v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This Air Pollution Control System (APCS) Conceptual Design and Evaluation study was conducted to evaluate a high-performance (APC) system for minimizing air emissions from mixed waste thermal treatment systems. Seven variations of high-performance APCS designs were conceptualized using several design objectives. One of the system designs was selected for detailed process simulation using ASPEN PLUS to determine material and energy balances and evaluate performance. Installed system capital costs were also estimated. Sensitivity studies were conducted to evaluate the incremental cost and benefit of added carbon adsorber beds for mercury control, specific catalytic reduction for NO, control, and offgas retention tanks for holding the offgas until sample analysis is conducted to verify that the offgas meets emission limits. Results show that the high-performance dry-wet APCS can easily meet all expected emission limits except for possibly mercury. The capability to achieve high levels of mercury control (potentially necessary for thermally treating some DOE mixed streams) could not be validated using current performance data for mercury control technologies. If high mercury control cannot be achieved using existing or new technologies, then restrictive feed limits for mercury may become necessary for existing and new mixed waste thermal treatment facilities. Decontamination factors (ratio of the input pollutant mass flowrate and the mass flowrate of the pollutant in the cleaned offgas) for other pollutants were very high (1 x 1 O9 to 4x 10') because of the cumulative effectiveness of several different APCS components. Installed APCS capital costs for two different cases ranged from $27 million to $46 million, depending on the offgas flowrate and system design. Offgas retention tanks could add hundreds of millions of dollars to the APCS capital costs and could significantly increase the generation of a secondary waste (condensed water). Because the high-performance APCS can generally control pollutant emissions to levels well below expected emission limits, the cost of retention tanks for holding offgas long enough to ensure that noncompliant offgas is not emitted cannot be technically justified. Process simulation results also identified several issues in addition to mercury control that should be considered in future APCS design and evaluations for existing or new facilities. These include (a) incompatibility of reheat needed to prevent moisture condensation and maximum recommended carbon adsorber operating temperatures, (b) optimization of prefilter, high efficiency particulate-air (HEPA) filter, and carbon bed media replacement frequency, (c) offgas subcooling to minimize water usage, lower moisture dewpoint, and lower offgas temperature, (d) optimization of dioxidhan control, (e) optimization of secondary waste volume and properties, (f) validation of assumptions for particulate matter size distribution and control, and (g) validation of metals partitioning and control. The engineering approach and ASPEN PLUS mo...
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