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Tin-graphite composites have been developed as an alternate anode material for Li-ion batteries using an autocatalytic deposition technique. The specific discharge capacity, coulombic efficiency, rate capability behavior, and cycle life of Sn-C composites has been studied using a variety of electrochemical methods. The amount of tin loading and the heating temperature have a significant effect on the composite performance. The synthesis conditions and Sn loading on graphite have been optimized to obtain the maximum reversible capacity for the composite electrode. Heating the composite converts it from amorphous to crystalline form. Apart from higher capacity, Sn-graphite composites possesses higher coulombic efficiency, better rate capability, and longer cycle life than the bare synthetic graphite. Current studies are focused on reducing the first cycle irreversible capacity loss of this material.

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Hydrogen permeation characteristics of a new Zn-Ni-P alloy were studied and compared with that of a Zn-Ni alloy. The Zn-Ni-P alloy was deposited from an acid sulfate bath containing 0.5 M nickel sulfate (NiSO 4 ), 0.2 M zinc sulfate (ZnSO 4 ), 0.5 M sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ), and 100 g/L sodium hypophosphite (NaH 2 PO 2 ) at pH 3. The permeation characteristics of the alloy were studied and compared qualitatively with that of Zn-Ni alloy under cathodically polarized and corroding conditions. The Zn-Ni-P alloy had better permeation inhibition characteristics in terms of permeation efficiency through the alloy. The Iyer-Pickering-Zamanzadeh (IPZ) model was used to quantitatively estimate the various kinetic parameters associated with hydrogen permeation for Zn-Ni-P alloy under polarized conditions. The Zn-Ni-P alloy had superior permeation inhibition properties compared to the Zn-Ni alloy.

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