The phase behavior of mixtures of water, hexafluoropropylene (HFP), ammonium perfluorooctanoate
(C8), fluorinated alcohol, and ammonium chloride is reported as a function of temperature, pressure,
electrolyte concentration, and hydrophobicity of the surfactant blend. The addition of a short-chain alcohol,
hexafluoro-2-methyl-2-propanol, to the water−HFP−C8 mixture promotes formation of microemulsion
phases. Replacing the weak amphiphile with a medium-chain alcohol, for example, 2-perfluorobutyl-2-propanol or 2-perfluorohexyl-2-propanol, produces large liquid crystalline regions. Microemulsion
formulations containing the fluorinated olefin in a near-critical state along with water, fluorinated surfactant,
fluorinated alcohol, and salt follow the generic patterns of phase behavior common for conventional liquid
mixtures as a function of experimental variables. Pressure has a strong effect on the phase behavior when
one of the components is compressible.
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