The rise in the number of mobile wireless devices accessing IP based communication networks has fuelled the need for efficient mobility support for seamless communication. As a consequence a profusion of mobility protocols were proposed. The Mobility Agent based family of protocols have risen in popularity due to the simplicity in implementing them compared to per host based protocols. The Mobility Agents located within wireless access networks hide the movement of the mobile nodes by acting as an anchor point through which all the packets traverses to and from the mobile node. The presence of these Mobility Agents will result in bottlenecks of high congestion within the access network. This paper provides a formal definition to study this effect of Mobility Agents on wireless access networks. Using Maximum Concurrent Flow Problem we model the access network as a Multicommodity Flow Problem and study the throughput of the network with and without the presence of the MobilityAgents. From the results it can be confidently concluded that by implementing local mobility solutions based on agents, the wireless access network capacity is reduced and the number and location of the agents within the access network have direct impact on the loss.

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Abstract-With the advent of various access technologies and increasing number of applications, a set of challenges concerning efficient delivery of ubiquitous services to heterogeneous users and devices have been posed. One of the important challenges is to integrate Quality of Service (QoS), security and mobility support in heterogeneous networks. To facilitate the interworking of these mechanisms we propose the concept of Enhanced Node (EN) in this paper. The EN is an intelligent entity with a network sub-layer, which integrates QoS, security and Mobility Management (MM). ENs are located in the access network and they communicate with each other via signalling. In this paper, the functionalities of the ENs are described and the framework with ENs to integrate QoS, security and MM in IPbased networks is presented. The mechanisms to provide the authenticated and authorized access control and to enhance the secured QoS combined fast handovers are also proposed.

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Proxy Mobile IPv6 is a network based mobility management solution and was proposed to address the shortcomings of the existing set of mobility management protocols. The presence of local mobility anchors (LMA) in PMIPv6 networks can lead constrained routing and create areas of bottleneck. This is due to all traffic to the mobile nodes (MNs) in the PMIPv6 domain having to flow to and from the LMA. Future IP networks will support a wide variety of sessions ranging for high QoS Video conferencing to FTP and P2P download. Providing the same level of mobility support for all of these sessions can lead to the resources of LMA being drained. To avoid this, we propose the QoS aware Dynamic Route Optimization scheme where the network identifies the lower QoS sessions and establishes a binding update with the correspondant node (CN) rather than with the LMA. To achieve this a flow based binding approach is followed. The level of congestion in the network is also considered as part of the mechanism. To ensure optimal performance of the proposed mechanism, routing policies are proposed. Simulation results show considerable benefit to the network in terms of reduction in blocking probability as well as reduction in tunnelling overhead cost in comparisons to no route optimization (RO) and adaptive route optimization (ARO) being deployed in the PMIPv6 networks.