The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphology and morphometry of the foramen magnum of Nigeria local breed of dogs, in order to characterize the morphological features of the foramen magnum which will help in critical analysis of the occipital dysplasia. Occipital dysplasia is associated with dorsal enlargement of the foramen magnum which varies with the structural geometry. The size and shape of the foramen magnum predisposed dogs of different breed to the condition This study provides database indices for the foramen magnum of the Nigeria local dogs, since the knowledge of skull anatomy and morphometry is crucial to the diagnosis and management of some bony disorderThe assessment was done using Vernier caliper, in which from antero-posterio diameter, transverse diameter was assess. The shape of the foramen magnum (FM) was determined according to FM index that was calculated by dividing antero-posterior diameter by transverse diameter. Base on the foramen magnum geometry and morphology, it was possible to classify foramen magnum into different shapes varying from oval and quadrangular with a shallow dorsal notch observed in all the dogs. Of the 30 dogs, 12 (40%) dogs had a dorsal enlargement and 18 (60%) showed normal foramen magnum. This study will provide baseline data on foramen magnum shape, morphometry and variations that occurs in dogs with its application in veterinary forensic medicine and in neurosurgery and anesthesiology.
Morphological studies were carried out on the Gastrointestinal tracts (GIT) of two genotypes of Nigerian indigenous chickens with particular emphasis on Meckel’s diverticulum (MD). Twenty adult male chickens of two genotypes (10 birds per genotype), all above one year of age, were used to determine the gross, morphometric and histological studies on the Meckel’s diverticulum. The MD was found to be a small coma- shaped outgrowth in both genotypes, located on the beginning of the distal half of the Jejunum. Its tip was free and it had no fibrous or peritoneal attachments. The parameters measured were found to vary between the two genotypes, with only the MDC length been significantly (p 0.05) different. Histologically, the MD in both genotypes was found to have all four layers of alimentary tract; mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and serosa. The mucosa had short villi. The lining epithelium was made up of low columnar cells. The lamina propria of mucosa as well as submucosa contained intestinal glands with plenty of parietal cells. The submucosa contains blood vessels. The muscularis externa was found to comprise only the circular musclularis layer. The MD in these two genotypes was found to be a small coma- shaped outgrowth located on the beginning of the distal half of the Jejunum. The morphometric parameters of the MD were found not to vary significantly except for the length from Meckel’s diverticulum to Cecal opening (MDC). The observed glandular and lymphoid tissues reaffirmed the MD’s role in immunological activities of the intestine.
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