SUMMARYBackground: Percutaneous ethanol injection and hepatic resection are the most widely used curative therapeutic options for patients with compensated liver disease and small hepatocellular carcinoma. Aim: To compare percutaneous ethanol injection and hepatic resection in a selected group of consecutive French patients with a single hepatocellular carcinoma, smaller than or equal to 50 mm, in terms of survival, recurrence rate of malignancy and direct costs. Methods: The analysis of two contemporary cohorts of Child-Pugh A or B patients with a single hepatocellular carcinoma of £ 50 mm treated by percutaneous ethanol injection (n ¼ 55) or hepatic resection (n ¼ 50). Results: Long-term survival was not significantly different between the two groups when the size of hepatocel-
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