In this paper we propose a patch-based technique for robust background initialization that exploits both spatial and temporal consistency of the static background. The proposed technique is able to cope with heavy clutter, i.e, foreground objects that stand still for a considerable portion of time. First the sequence is subdivided in patches that are clustered along the time-line in order to narrow down the number of background candidates. Then, a tessellation is grown incrementally by selecting at each step the best continuation of the current background. The method rests on sound principles in all its stages, and only few, intelligible parameters are needed. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is effective and compares favorably with existing techniques.
In this paper we propose a technique to robustly estimate the background in a cluttered sequence, i.e., a sequence where occluding objects persist in the same position for a considerable portion of time. As pixel-level heuristic are not sufficient in this case, we introduce spatial support. First the sequence is subdivided in patches that are clustered along the time-line in order to narrow down the number of background candidates. Then the background is grown incrementally by selecting at each step the best continuation of the current background, according to the principles of visual grouping. The method rests on sound principles in all its stages, and only few, intelligible parameters are needed. Experiments with real sequences illustrate the approach
: The 5'-end of the mitochondrial control region of three Pleuronectiformes from the Adriatic Sea, Platichthys flesus italicus (Adriatic flounder), Solea vulgaris (common sole), and Solea kleini (Klein's sole), was sequenced and compared with that of six other flatfish species from the families Pleuronectidae and Bothidae. The sequence structures of all flatfishes appear very similar and consist of alternate short segments with low, medium, and high rates of nucleotide substitution. Four conserved 19-bp repeats occur at the beginning of the European and Adriatic flounder sequences. The common occurrence of tandem arrays in fish control regions could be related to a stable secondary structure. Molecular phylogenetic relationships among Pleuronectiformes agree well with previous morphologic data at all taxonomic levels. Molecular analyses could therefore contribute to resolving phylogenetic and taxonomic debates within the Pleuronectiformes.
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