Ninety two clinical wound samples were collected, among, 50 positive Staphylococcus aureus were isolated. These isolates were characterized morphologically and biochemically. Twenty three antibiotics were used to determine susceptibility patterns by disc diffusion method. The multiple antibiotic resistances (MAR) index were calculated according to the MAR index formula ranged from 0.21 to 0.78. All the 50 isolates of MRSA were showed MAR index in between these ranges. Among these MAR index the pathogenic isolates (100%) were resistant of Penicillin, while trimethoprim showed resistance (86%), cephoxitin (80%), kanamycin (78%), vancomycin and cepfodoxamine (72%), moxalactam and quinupristin (70%), cotrimoxazole (66%), methicillin (64%), novobiocin (62%) and erythromycin (56%) and there was no resistance found to chloramphenicol, and rifampicin. More than 65% resistance MRSA isolates were selected for plasmid isolation. Natural products are boundless source for important novel compounds having antagonistic activity against pathogenic organisms. Marine environment covers almost 70% of the earth surfaces. Organisms present in these environments are extremely rich sources of bioactive compounds. The ocean remains as an unexploited source of many drugs and pharmacologically active substances. Microbial enzymes have many advantages over the animal and plant enzyme, fi rstly; they are economical and can be produced on large scale within the limited space and time. Secondly, they are capable of producing a wide variety of enzymes; they can grow a wide range of environmental condition. Enzymes have many roles in the pharmaceutical and diagnostic industries. The bacteria Bacillus spp. was isolated from the mangrove sediment, for the lipase production. These enzymes may inhibit the growth of MRSA. Recently with the advent of biotechnology, there has been a growing interest and demand for enzymes with the novel properties.
Recurrently typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella typhi, remains a signifi cant cause of mortality and morbidity in many regions of the world. So predominant pathogen S.typhi is one of the major causes of food and water borne gastroenteritis in human and remains an important health problem. So fecal samples were collected from the poultry retail shop in tirupur city. Totally 50 multidrug resistant Salmonella spp were isolated from 75 fecal samples and confi rmed by using routine laboratory techniques. Later, the antimicrobial pattern of this isolates were studied by using 11 antibiotic discs which include Amikacin (10mcg), Co-trimoxazole (25mcg), Ciprofl oxacin (30mcg), Tetracycline (30mcg), Cephalothin (30mcg), Ceftriaxone (30mcg), Entrofl oxacin (10mcg), Gentamicin (10mcg), Ampicillin (10mcg), Trimethoprim (10mcg), Cefoxitin (30mcg). Among these strains (12%), (62%), (28%), (80%), (12%), (4%), (6%), (26%), (36%), (100%), and (8%) were found to be exhibit a signifi cance degree of resistance to different groups of antibiotics. Further, plasmid profi le were performed for the fi ve multidrug resistance isolates and observed the molecular weight was 1500bp and 700bp respectively. Recurrently, the metal oxide nanoparticles are currently the most promising tools applied as antimicrobial agents for diagnosis of diseases. Nanoparticle Zirconium oxide was used to against Salmonella spp. Different concentration of Zirconium oxide 50μl, 100μl and 150μl were used against Salmonella spp. Among the three concentration of nanoparticle, maximum zone of inhibition 16mm was observed against the isolate CH36 at 150μl concentration of nanoparticle. Minimum zone of inhibition 13mm was observed against the isolate CH37. So hence the present study Zirconium oxide was used and it shows prominent antibacterial activity against typhoid causing organism.
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