The fundamental impairment of joint attention in autism could be considered a consequence of the early atypical developmental gap and of a later disconnection between attention to people and objects. Abnormal developmental trajectories for social and nonsocial attention could help us in the future to understand relationships between adaptive capacities and symptoms, and set the stage for appropriate early screening instruments.
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are thought to be present right from birth, even if a minority of children displays a normal course during infancy followed by a regression during the second year of life. However, established criteria are not yet available to differentiate these different courses of ASD, and data coming from different sources have not yet been organized into a clear definition. The aim of this study was to elucidate the time of onset, as well as type, frequency and stability of symptoms during the first year of life in ASD. The behavioral summarized evaluation scale, applied to 40 home movies of children later diagnosed as having ASD, showed that most of the subjects (87.5%) display symptoms within the first year of life, when only a small group (12.5%) is completely symptom free. A group of more rated symptoms was found, constituting a typical pattern characterized by being withdrawn, and displaying poor social initiative, hypoactivity, and lack of emotional modulation. The importance of these findings is discussed in relation to early diagnosis and treatment.
Declarative or experience-sharing pointing emerged later in one child only; it remained absent in four children as production, and in two children as comprehension. A preliminary conclusion based on CARS rating, is that autism involves a symptomatology that may decrease across time even if children differ in the decreasing profile relative to specific scores.
Objective: The main aim of the research is to study the early behavioral development in autistic children through home movies. Methods: fifteen home movies, regarding the first 2 years of life of autistic children are compared with the home movies of 15 normal children. The films of the two groups were mixed and rated by blind ratings with the Grid for the Assessment of Normal Behavior in Infants and Toddlers. The grid is composed of 17 items grouped into three developmental areas: social competence, intersubjectivity and symbolic activity. For every area, we have identified specific children’s behaviors. Results: Significant differences between the two groups are found both in the range of age 0–6 for intersubjectivity, and in the ranges of age 6–12 and 18–24 for symbolic activity. Conclusions: The authors pose some hypotheses about an early-appearing impairment of intersubjectivity, the ability to represent other’s state of mind, in subjects with autistic disorder.
We hypothesize that the intense interest towards objects can be the first sign of an atypical development also in RA; this distinguishing feature lead us to believe that regression, based on the assumption of a previous normal development, is only apparent.
The objective of the study was to define diagnostic boundaries between Regulatory Disorders (RD) and Multisystem Developmental Disorders (MSDD). Two groups of 15 subjects, between 20 and 36 months of age, diagnosed as RD or MSDD, according to DC: 0-3 (1994) criteria, were compared in relationship, linguistic, and behavioral profiles using specific instruments. The results showed that both RD and MSDD children were impaired on all linguistic measures with a higher significant impairment of MSDD for communicative gestures, spontaneous speech, and verbal comprehension. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) showed significant differences for withdrawn, and somatic problems. Only the MSDD group reached the clinical cutoff score in total problems, internalizing and withdrawn behaviors. A discriminate analysis showed that the number of communicative gestures and the scores on withdrawn and somatic problems correctly predicted in 86% of cases. It was concluded that RD and MSDD children show quantitative and qualitative differences in many of the linguistic, behavioral, and relational dimensions that were explored. These dimensions may facilitate the differential diagnosis of these disorders.RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio es el de definir las barreras de diagnóstico entre los Trastornos Regulatorios (RD) y los Trastornos Multisistemáticos de Desarrollo (MSDD). Se compararon dos grupos de 15 niños, de entre 20 y 36 meses de edad, que habían sido diagnosticados con RD o MSDD, de acuerdo con el criterio DC:0-3. La comparación se llevó a cabo en los aspectos de la relación con otros, aspectos lingüísticos y los perfiles de conducta, usando instrumentos específicos. Los resultados mostraron que tanto los niños con RD como aquéllos con MSDD eataban incapacitados en todas las medidas lingüísticas, con un impedimento de MSDD más altamente significativo en cuanto a los gestos comunicativos, el habla espontánea y la comprensión verbal. La Lista de Control de Conducta del Niño (CBCL) mostró diferencias significativas en cuanto al autoabandono emocional y problemas somáticos. Sólo el grupo de MSDD llegó al puntaje límite en la totalidad de los problemas, así como las conductas de internalización y de autoabandono emocional. Un análisis distintivo mostró que el número de gestos comunicativos y los puntajes de autoabandono emocional y problemas somáticos fueron predeterminados correctamente en el 86% de los casos. Se concluyó con que los niños con RD y MSDD muestran diferencias cualitativas y cuantitativas en muchas de las dimensiones lingüísticas, de conducta y de las relaciones con otros, tal
ResumenPropósitoDescribir perfiles longitudinales diferentes en las capacidades comunicativas y la gravedad de los síntomas en el autismo temprano.MétodosSe examinó a cinco niños con autismo de 3;3-4;10 años de edad en la línea de base en cuanto a la producción y la comprensión del señalamiento imperativo y declarativo en intervalos de unos 4 meses. Concurrentemente con estas sesiones, se evaluó a los niños desde el punto de vista de las capacidades cognitivas y comunicativas y la gravedad de los síntomas.ResultadosCuatro sujetos mostraron un retraso de leve a importante en las capacidades comunicativas y lingüísticas. En cuanto a la producción, todos los niños mostraron el señalamiento imperativo y sólo uno el declarativo. En cuanto a la comprensión, dos sujetos mostraron el mismo perfil que en la producción ("sólo imperativo" y "primero imperativo-después declarativo", respectivamente). Un niño no mostró una comprensión clara de los gestos de señalamiento producidos por el experimentador y un niño pudo comprender ambos señalamientos en la misma sesión. Las puntuaciones globales de la Escala de Evaluación del Autismo Infantil (CARS) tendían a disminuir a través de las sesiones para todos los sujetos y se identificaron perfiles individuales diferentes.Dis-cusiónEl señalamiento declarativo o de compartir experiencias surgió después sólo en un niño; estuvo ausente en cuatro niños como producción y en dos niños como comprensión. Una conclusión preliminar basada en la puntuación de la CARS es que el autismo implica síntomas que pueden disminuir a través del tiempo incluso si los niños difieren en el perfil decreciente relativo a puntuaciones específicas.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.