Reminders-Two reminders are normally sent in postal studies, but in one study' we used one postal and one telephone reminder. Additional questionnaires and prepaid envelopes have been included with all second reminders, and latterly with first reminders as well. One of the reminders has usually been written and signed by a member of the profession approached who had some ties with the institute. TYPE OF PROFESSIONALOur response from doctors has varied from 56% to 86%, while for nurses (health visitors, midwives, and district nurses) it has never been below 78%h of those in the sample and has been as high as 99%. With nurses the main problem has been getting lists of people working in our sample of areas or hospitals. Once we had the lists our success rate has always been over 90% (table I). Nurses may be more likely to respond than doctors because they are less often asked to take part in such studies. But the exceptionally high response from those approached suggests that if the medical officer or nursing officer gave us a list of the people we wanted to see the nurses thought that this TABLE

Summary Products containing mesalazine have been used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease for many years. Many of the oral, modified‐release products are reaching the point of patent expiration, and it is expected that several new ‘generic’ versions will be developed. As mesalazine acts topically, the drug needs to be available at the site of inflammation to be effective. For this reason, the currently available products have been developed with individual formulations so that physicians have a choice when matching the different release profiles to the site and extent of disease. As such, the current guidelines state that oral, delayed‐release mesalazine formulations are not interchangeable and should be prescribed by their proprietary (brand) name. The standard regulatory assessment process for generic or ‘copy’ products, using systemic bioequivalence data, does not appear to be sufficient when evaluating topically acting, oral, modified‐release products. We therefore recommend that the regulatory bodies should require that new, oral mesalazine products should be assessed by a combination of dissolution, bioequivalence and (a minimum of one) adequately powered, comparative trial to determine therapeutic equivalence. Of most importance here is that the assessment of new modified‐release products is sufficiently rigorous to allow patients and physicians to be confident in their use.

Background: Domestic/family homicide (D/FH) is a global social, economic and public health problem. To date, the research studies into risk factors associated with D/FH has largely focused on intimate partner homicide (IPH). A more contemporary approach recognizes that D/FH extends beyond the intimate partner relationship. This systematic review sought to identify and quantify the individual, relationship, community and societal factors in the empirical evidence literature on D/FH. Methods: Eight electronic databases were searched from January 1999 to December 2020. Published journal articles on studies of D/FH were included if the study included victims and/or perpetrator of D/FH, reported risk and/or protective factors associated with D/FH, reported primary data and was published in English. Factors were descriptively synthesized by the categories of the social ecological model and D/FH sub-type. Results: Three hundred and forty published articles met the inclusion criteria. From 1999 to 2020 the number of articles on D/FH increased globally from 10 to 40 respectively, declining to 23 in 2020. Almost half of the articles examined populations located in the Americas (160, 47.1%), predominately the United States and the majority of articles used quantitative designs (277, 81.5%). The forms of homicide more commonly studied were intimate partner (171, 50.3%), and filicide (98, 28.8%). Approximately 90% of articles reported individual victim and perpetrator factors, 64.7% examined relationship factors, 17.9% examined community factors and 15.6% examined societal factors. Conclusion: To inform universal and targeted D/FH elimination and prevention strategies, more research across different regions and a greater emphasis on community and societal-level factors is needed.

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