This work focuses on scaling-up of the microbial fuel cells technology according to the principle of miniaturization and multiplication. Seven stacks of 16 mini-MFCs (electrodic area of 0.86 cm 2 ) were built up leading to a big module of 112 MFCs. The electrical connection among the MFCs in the stacks and among the stacks into the modules was optimized in order to implement this technology. Results show that 1 MFC generates 1.22 mW while the optimization of the electric connection in order to achieve the maximum power results in 6.62 mW compared to the theoretical 182 mW, indicating the existence of large energy loses in the system. However, to light a LED there is not a power threshold but there is a requirement of input voltage (2.6 V) and input current (0.020 mA). For this reason, another optimization of the electrical configuration was carried out to satisfy the threshold values of voltage and current and a strip of 220 LEDs was illuminated for several days. Furthermore, robustness of the MFC technology was confirmed after operating simultaneously 112 MFCs with reproducible performance for 30 days.
Highlights-Scale-up through stacking miniaturized MFCs is a successful strategy.-The parallel-series connection of the MFCs stacked affects the performance.-The stacks-modules connection is the key to light up 220 LEDs.-Reproducible performance of the 112 MFCs supports its robustness.
This work focuses on the scale-up of the MFCs by miniaturization and multiplication strategy. Performances of five stacks containing 1, 2, 5, 8 and 16 MFCs are compared.Each stack was evaluated under individual, parallel and series electrical connection as well as for cascade or individual hydraulic connection. Cascade feeding mode with a tank per stack favours the COD removal when the number of MFCs in the stack increases.However, despite operating without COD limitations, the energy production was disadvantaged. By changing the feeding system of a tank per stack into an individual tank per MFC, the performance of the whole stack enhances considerably. Stacking in series can increase the voltage 6 times while stacking in parallel can increase the current output 4.2 times. For example, 8 MFCs can achieve 2.03 V connected in series and 6.98 mA connected in parallel. In addition, the power can be increased up to 9.66 times.
The initial results from integration testing of the LHC magnet power converters revealed problems of lowfrequency noise, settling time, drift with time and temperature, thermal management and EMC. These problems originated in the use of DSP, the A/D converter (ADC), the DCCT and their respective environments. This paper reports the methods used to improve the performance through hardware and software modifications and the results achieved.
Large Hadron Collider Project
DEVELOPMENTS IN HIGH-PRECISION ASPECTS OF POWER CONVERTER CONTROL FOR LHCM. Bastos, A. Cantone, G. Fernqvist, Q. King, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
AbstractThe initial results from integration testing of the LHC magnet power converters revealed problems of lowfrequency noise, settling time, drift with time and temperature, thermal management and EMC. These problems originated in the use of DSP, the A/D converter (ADC), the DCCT and their respective environments. This paper reports the methods used to improve the performance through hardware and software modifications and the results achieved.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.