The levels in 74 » 76 Kr were studied with in-beam y-spectroscopy techniques and the j3 + decay of 7G Rb. The energies of the 2 t + states in 74,76 Kr deviate from smooth behavior compared with the higher spin levels. The yrast cascade B (E2)'s are highly collective. The 74 » 76 Kr ground states have unusually large deformation. The origin of this deformation and of shape coexistence in this region is described in terms of the protons driving the deformationo PACS numbers: 23.20. Ck, 23.20.Lv, 27.50. + e The 0 2 + energies have a deep minimum in 7O,72Q G an( j 72,74g e anc j are near or below the 2 X + energies. 1 These and other data have led to various suggestions of shape coexistence in these nuclei, where the low-lying 0 2 + states are more deformed than the ground states. 1 " 4 However, questions have been raised about shape coexistence and deformation in these nuclei, in part because well-developed, deformed bands built on the 0 2 + states in 70,72 Ge are not seen. 1 * 3 In this paper we suggest that the origin of shape coexistence for iV«38 nuclei is related to the number of protons which delicately controls whether a deformed shape or near-spherical shape is lowest in nuclei in this region. Our 74 » 76 Kr data give evidence that their ground states have remarkably large deformation.The origin of strong deformation and shape coexistence in this region can be attributed to the gaps in the single-particle spectrum seen in Fig. 1514
No abstract
The Nilsson model is combined with the Hill-Wheeler definition of nuclear deformations and with the stationarity condition of Yariv et al. to calculate a new deformed basis. The wave functions of this basis are the same for neutrons and for protons, and for all mass numbers. The energy levels depend on Z, A via an isospin-A -dependent scaling factor. This basis is combined with an improved theory of pairing to calculate a new deformed-quasiparticle basis. It is shown that without any adjustment of the model parameters from one nucleus to another, this basis leads to reasonable potential energy surfaces for many even-even nuclei {Mg,Zr, Sm, Er,Os, Hg), and reasonable low energy spectra of~12Mg, 'O~r, and '&IEr. The Strutinsky method is used to calculate the potential energy surfaces. A modified Kumar-Saranger method is used to calculate the moments of inertia and the mass parameters, and to solve the collective Schrodinger equation. NUC LEAR SYPUCyUHE 14&y 150' 152' 154Sm 186y 188~180, 182~1 94Ps 184, 1&6,~Ã Hg. cal t culated deformation energy curves. 2 Mg, ' Zr, ' Er; calculated deformation energy curves and collective spectra. Modified Nilsson method. Modified BCS method. Combined Strutinsky method with Kumar-Baranger method.
The levels in Kr have been studied in the decay of mass separated 7 Rb. Strong beta population was observed to states above 2 MeV. Numbers of new levels were observed to be populated in this decay including several which populate the 02+ level. These levels help establish the near-spherical nature of the 02+ state.In studies of the levels of Kr via in-beam y-ray spectroscopy, we found evidence for a low energy 02+ excited state. ' Earlier, in 7~Se (Ref. 2) and 74Se (Ref. 3), we had found evidence for such low energy excited 02+ states and these were shown to have much larger deformation than the near-spherical ground states in these nuclei. It was natural to suspect that similar shape coexistence was occurring in Kr. To help establish the nature of the 02+ level in Kr, on-line studies of the radioactive decay of mass separated Rb were carried out at the UNISOR facility at the Holifield Heavy Ion Research Facility. The results of these Rb decay measurements confirmed our discovery of the low energy 02+ state and placed two levels feeding it and placed numbers of other new transitions and levels in Kr. A preliminary report of this work appeared much earlier4 with the decay scheme presented in conference proceedings. 5 Our Rb decay results were noted in Refs. 6 and 7 as providing important evidence in our discovery of large ground state deformation (P -0.35) in '4'6Kr. Details of our in-beam work in Refs. 6 and 7 have been reported. s Here we report the level scheme of 7 Kr observed in our 6Rb decay work. %hen our decay scheme of Rb to Kr was first reported, 4 5 only 2+ 424 keV, 4+ 1034 keV, and 6+ 1858 keV levels had been suggested to be populated in the 6Rb decay. Since no y-y coincidence work was done, feedings to the 2+, 4+, and 6+ levels in this decay were based9 only on the observation of gamma rays with energies similar to those from these three levels, which had been seen in earlier in-beam work. However, as our y-y work showed, the 822 keV y ray in the Rb decay is not the 6+~4+ transition seen in beam. Thus, only the 2+ and 4+ levels were established in the Rb decay at the time of our work. Also most, but not all, of the beta feeding we now observe goes to high lying levels above 2 MeV. Our strong beta feedings to the levels above 2 MeV led another UNISOR group doing mass measurements to independently investigate the beta decay intensities. 'The '6Rb was produced in the reaction N"Ni( 0Ne, xn) at 112 Me V and mass separated at the UNISOR facility. Separated sources of Rb were collected on a movable tape and transported to a position between two Ge(Li) detectors.Gamma-gamma coincidences were recorded with the two Ge(Li) detectors for time periods the order of two half lives of Rb, while a new source was being prepared at the collection point of the tape transport unit. The energies of transitions assigned to the Rb decay based on half life, coincidence data, and in a few cases energy fits to the decay scheme in Fig. 1, are given in Table I. Coincidence gates were analyzed on the transitions seen in the in-b...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.