SUMMARYThe variation in the length of gestation, the period from mating until parturition, was studied in 77 dogs of different breeds; the time for mating was determined by measuring peripheral blood progesterone levels. The mean length of gestation was 62.1 ± 0.2 (S.E.M.) days, with a variation of 11 days. The number of pups appeared to influence the length of gestation. Length of gestation was negatively correlated (r = -0.96, P < 0.001, n = 44) with litter size in litters with 7 or fewer pups. The intra-breed variation in length of gestation in the five breeds represented by five or more bitches was 3 -6 days. The mean gestation of Alsatians (60.1 ± 0.5, n = 9) was shorter (P < 0.005) than that of the other breeds combined (62.3 ± 0.3, n = 68). The primiparous/multiparous status of the bitch did not influence the length of gestation.

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SUMMARY The role of prolactin and LH in the control of the function of the corpus luteum in the dog was studied. Experiments were performed to interfere with the secretion of a) prolactin by administering a dopamine agonist and b) LH by desensitisation with a long-acting LHRH and by stimulation. Treatments with prolactin-lowering dosages of bromocriptine, (20 pg/kg body weight twice a day, orally; n = 8) which started between day 1-5 (n = 4) and day 20-24 (n = 4) of the luteal period resulted in a similar pattern of progesterone concentration in peripheral blood in both groups. The progesterone release in the second half of the luteal period (13. I ± 1.8% (sem) of the progesterone release of the total luteal period) was significantly lower than in control dogs (24.7 ± 2.2%). Treatment at about day 30 of the luteal period with LHRH CR (1.34 mg, intramuscularly; n = 3), which significantly suppressed the LH level, did not reduce the progesterone release in the second half of the luteal period, 21.3 ± 4.7% compared to 24.7 ± 2.2% in the control dogs. The endogenous LH peak resulting from treatment with LHRH had no effect on the progesterone concentration in the blood. It is concluded that prolactin is the main luteotrophic factor in the cyclic dog during the second half of the luteal period.

The 6-h secretory profiles of LH and FSH and the possible concordance between the episodic release of LH and FSH were studied in 6 beagle bitches during early, mid-, and late anestrus and during the follicular and luteal phases of the estrous cycle. Plasma samples were obtained at 10-min intervals via jugular venipuncture. In all stages of anestrus and in the luteal phase, FSH and LH secretion was pulsatile. All FSH pulses coincided with LH pulses. However, the mean duration of the FSH pulse (115 min) was significantly longer than that of the LH pulse (72 min). The basal plasma LH concentration was low compared with the maximum peak levels, whereas FSH pulses were characterized by relatively low peaks compared with the basal levels. In contrast to the basal plasma LH levels and the area under the curve (AUC) for LH, the basal plasma FSH levels and the AUC for FSH increased significantly as anestrus progressed. During the follicular phase, the secretory pattern of LH was characterized by frequent increases of short duration. During this phase, the basal plasma FSH concentration was relatively low, whereas the basal plasma LH level was high in comparison with that in the other phases of the estrous cycle. The luteal phase was characterized by an increased frequency of LH pulses, a shorter duration of the LH peaks, and a tendency to a lower amplitude of both LH and FSH peaks compared with values observed during anestrus. It is concluded that in the bitch, FSH and LH pulses are released in concordance and that progression from early to late anestrus is associated with an increase in basal plasma FSH concentration without a concomitant rise in basal plasma LH concentrations. The latter suggests that in the bitch an increase in circulating FSH should be considered to be a critical event required for the initiation of ovarian folliculogenesis and consequently for the termination of anestrus.

SUMMARY Progesterone levels in peripheral blood of dogs were analysed during the cycle in which hysterectomy (n= 5) or sham surgery (n = 3) was performed as well as during the cycle of dogs (n = 5) hysterectomized at least one year prior to this study; the data were compared with the findings in control dogs (n=3). The averages of the duration of the luteal period observed in the three experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. Immediately after surgery, the progesterone level decreased from 25 to 50% of the presurgical level, but returned to presurgical level in about four days. Prolactin levels were elevated for about 30 h after surgery. Nevertheless, the averages of the mean prolactin levels for each animal during the luteal period of the experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. It is concluded that in the dog, the uterus is not involved in the lifespan of the cyclic corpus luteum.

The sensitivity of the pituitary to GnRH in early and late anoestrus and the indirect response of the ovary were investigated in six adult beagle bitches. Plasma concentrations of LH and oestradiol were determined after i.v. injection of graded doses of GnRH (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 micrograms kg-1). The responses were measured by the LH and oestradiol concentration profiles over time. The responses of LH and oestradiol were significantly dose dependent (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001, respectively). The responses of LH and oestradiol were significantly higher (P = 0.02 and P = 0.001, respectively) in late anoestrus than in early anoestrus. The responses of LH and the responses of oestradiol were positively correlated (r = 0.97, P = 0.001). It is concluded that during the course of anoestrus in the bitch pituitary sensitivity to GnRH increases while the ovary responds accordingly.

Fibroadenomatous hyperplasia (FAH) is characterized by a rapid proliferation of mammary stroma and duct epithelium of 1 or more glands and predominantly affects younger female cats. Endogenous progesterone and exogenous progestogens play an important role in the genesis of FAH. The presence of progesterone receptors in fibroadenomatous tissue allows for targeted endocrine therapy with progesterone receptor blockers. We report on 22 young cats with FAH, none of which had responded to the withdrawal of progestogens or ovariectomy. The common signs were tachycardia (11 cats); skin ulceration, painful mammary glands, or both (16 cats); lethargy (8 cats); and anorexia (4 cats). The cats were treated with subcutaneous injections of the progesterone receptor blocker aglépristone on 1 (7 cats, 20 mg/kg) or 2 consecutive days (15 cats, 10 mg/kg/d) once weekly. All but 1 cat responded with a complete and lasting remission of signs after 1-4 weeks of treatment. Two cats had a short-term skin irritation at the site of the aglépristone injection. Two pregnant cats with FAH aborted after treatment with aglépristone and subsequently developed endometritis. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that FAH in cats can be treated successfully with the progesterone receptor blocker aglépristone.