The effects of forage maltifig on rate of grass drying and silage fermentation, digestibility, and intake were examined using perennial ryegrass swards. Treatments compared were: forage mats, where grass was processed through a laboratory scale macerator prior to matting and willing to 228 g dry matter (DM) kg"' (FM treatment); unconditioned grass which was direct ensiled at 163 g DM kg"' (DE treatment); unconditioned grass which was wilted for the same period as FM to 213 g DM kg"' (UC treatment); unconditioned grass which was wilted to 234 g DM kg"' (UCj, treatment). All forages were dned on black plastic sheeting. For each treatment a total of approximately 80 kg grass DM was ensiled in seven 290 I plastic bins for 136 d prior to feeding to wetber sheep. A further total of 14 kg grass DM from each treatment was ensiled in twetity-one plastic pipes (152 mm diameter, 762 mm long) to give a total of 84 pipes. Rate of silage fermentation was determined by destructively sampling pipes following 1, 2, 4, 6, 13, 20 and 50 d of ensilage. Over the mean wilting period of 6'9 h, grass from the FM treatment dried significantly faster (P < 0 001) and required less solar energy per unit of moisture loss than unconditioned grass. The rate of grass drying was highly correlated with solar radiation. Tbe FM treatment did not influence the rate or extent of silage fermentation. The intakes and digestibilities of FM, UC and UCT5 ^"^ ""^^ significantly {P < 0 05) different from each other but were higher than for the DE treatCotTespondetice; J.P. Frost. The Agnculitiral Research InsliluLe ofNotthem Ireland. Hiilsborough, Co. Down, BT26 6DR. UK. ment (P < 0 05 for digestibility and NS for intake). In Nonhem Ireland it is unlikely that there will be sufficient solar radiation to allow forage mats to be made, wilted to a level to prevent etfluent production and barvested witbin one working day. Funher work is required to optimize mat-making technology for more rapid drying and to determine the effect of adverse weather on nutrient losses from mats.
A laboratory-scale study was conducted to evaluate various methods of removing surface moisture from grass during forage harvesting. Thus moisture originates from dew or rain deposiis, and contribute.'d irectly to the production of silage effluent. Measurements were made to determine the quantity of surface moisture on unharvested grass and the removal efficiency that centrifuging, shaking. squeezing and blowing treatments might be expected to achieve. The absolute quantity of surface moisture on the samples, which included four varieties, was estimated by blotting. The results indicated that tall fescue retained 53% more surface moisture when left in swaths during prolonged wet weather compared with unmown crop. When the wet standing crop was mown, the brush mower conditioner removed 57% of its surface moisture.Centrifuging and blowing to achieve aerodynamic dispersion of surface moisture were found lo be more effective than shaking and squeezing, hut estimations of the likely complexity, size and cost of field equipment showed them to be unrealistic options at the farm scale. Italian ryegrass was found to release surface moisture slightly more readily than perennial ryegrass, tall fescue or Yorkshire fog.
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