The output of a healthy physiological system exhibits complex fluctuation. Nonlinear analysis, such as power-law characteristics, shows the potential for detecting changes in the biological complexity of disease and aging. This paper characterized the heart rate variability (HRV) of aging and patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) by three types of distribution: Zipf's law, Heaps' law, and frequency distribution. All data analysis and modeling are based on a constructed sequence, that is, the monotonous increase to monotonous decrease amplitude ratios as derived from heartbeat interval data. The experimental result shows a significant decrease of HRV from healthy young people to healthy elderly to CHF patients. We proposed a model by taking account of the "rich-get-richer" theory in experimental observations, which successfully reproduced three types of distribution characterizing the constructed ratio sequences as obtained from the analysis of measured cardiac data. This work provides insight into the dynamic mechanism of cardiac data underlying the regulation of autonomic nerve.
The social work discipline and occupation have generally aimed at biological, psychological, and social well-being in evaluating people. However, ignoring the spiritual for this is that evaluating humans from a holistic perspective requires taking into account the spiritual dimension as well as the biological, psychological, and social dimensions. The problem of the study is to reveal whether oncology patients have spiritual needs and if of medical social work. In Turkey, it is important to develop an application model proposal due to the inadequacy of applications for spiritual needs in medical/oncological social society and values by conducting in-depth interviews with oncology patients and reviewing the relevant international literature. The fact that suggestions were made to meet the needs of oncology patients for spiritual social work in this study reveals its originality. The case study technique, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. In it was determined that oncology patients have spiritual needs, no spiritual social work intervention is applied in our country, and spiritual social work interventions are carried out in the world for these needs of patients. At the end of the study, an example of spiritual Spiritual social work, spiritual intervention, oncological social work Manevi sosyal hizmet, manevi müdahale, onkolojik sosyal hizmet
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