Water samples containing petrochemical effluents were evaluated for elemental contaminants along a kilometer distance in Ubeji Creek, a tributary of the Ubeji River in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. Twenty water samples were collected from six sites at various times. The water samples were analyzed for several physico-chemical parameters. Results showed wide varieties in temperature, pH, BOD, COD, dissolved and suspended solids as well as conductivity. The entire environment starting from the end-of-pipe source point was coated with black oily residue. Water quality parameters were very poor. The absence of fish and other aquatic lives, the high levels of Zn (2.4), Cr (0.24), Fe (63.44), Hg (4.24), Mn (2.49), and Pb (0.76) level (microg/L) confirm the toxic nature of Ubeji Creek. At the lower reaches, the mixing of effluent with brackish waters was not enough to support aquatic life, partly because of diminishing oxygen and toxic shock. Nevertheless, the study provides evidence to suggest that the water in Ubeji Creek is toxic. It also provides graphic data to suggest point source where effluents could be held for treatment or neutralization before being discharged into the aquatic environment.
The piece of investigation was carried out to study the ground water as well as surface water quality, nutrient status and physico-chemical characteristic of Majidun-Ilaje Area of Ikorodu, Nigeria. The study area is situated between 3°27 ' E-3°28 ' E longitude and 6°37 ' E latitude and covers about 1.71km 2 area of land. The present work has been conducted by monitoring two types of groundwater i.e. hand dug well water and borehole water of the community as well as the surface water i.e. river of the community. Attempts were made to study and analyze the physico-chemical characteristics of the water.
Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in tea marketed in Nigeria was investigated. Four major and most consumed brand of tea were selected for the present study. Both aqueous and dry methods were used. Total contents of metal were determined by digesting 1g of each brand using a mixture (3:1) concentrated nitric acid (NNO3) and hypochlorous acid (HCLO4). The second method involved hot water extract of tea samples. After boiling and filtration, the residue was evaporated to near dryness and digested with concentrated HNO3 and HCLO4 as described above. Results indicate that Zn, Cd, Cu, and Pb were present in lowest concentrations in ascending order for which there were two significant differences between the four sources of samples. The general characteristics of heavy metal concentrations in aqueous extract showed high level of Fe and Mg in a descending order. Going by the correlation study of our result indicates that there is no significant relationship between the two elements of Fe and Mg, though, the numerical values of the two elements varied widely among the samples. These differences may have major impact on human health. However, the beneficial effects of tea are in a fairly narrow concentration range between the essential and the toxic level. In conclusion, the variations in heavy metals content of tea brands may be due to geographical, seasonal changes and the chemical characteristics of the growing regions
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