This article presents the results of the analysis of the extent of damage to 138 multi-storey buildings with reinforced concrete prefabricated structure, which are located in the mining terrain of the Legnica-Głogów Copper District. These objects are residential and public utility buildings of up to 43 years old, erected in industrialized prefabricated technologies: large-block and large-panel systems. The research was based on the results of technical condition inventory carried out in 2002, 2007 and 2012. As part of the analysis, the damage intensity index wu was established for individual structural and finishing elements of the studied buildings. This index is defined on a six-point scale, which includes a detailed description of the extent of damage that corresponds to the successive degrees of intensity. As part of the research, the databases were significantly expanded and the generalized formulas of the damage intensity index wu for individual groups of buildings were verified. For this purpose, the partial least squares regression (PLSR) method was applied. Thereafter, the analysis of changes of this intensity in time was carried out and the relations between the extent of damage and the impacts of mining exploitation were examined. The approach presented in this paper and obtained research results are characterized by a high degree of utilitarianism and can be applied to increase the efficiency in the optimal maintenance management of buildings, including planning of repairs and retrofits throughout the technical life cycle of the buildings.
Composite mineral-acrylic panels consist in 80% of natural minerals produced from bauxite (aluminium hydroxides (ATH)) and in 20% from acrylic resin (polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)). This material due to high usability is widely used in interior finishes. Recently, the mineral-acrylic panels have been used as external claddings of buildings. So far, there are several dozen elevations realized worldwide. Due to the variability of the strength parameters of PMMA acrylic resins depending on the environmental influence, a number of tests on samples of mineral-acrylic panels to verify their suitability for use in climate conditions in Central Europe were performed. The studies determined the change of the material parameters after being subjected to aging process in conditions of high temperature, high relative humidity, freeze-thaw cycles, and UV radiation. In the studies parameters such as flexural strength and modulus of elasticity were measured at a reference temperature of 23°C. In raised and lowered temperatures only the tensile strength tests were conducted. Due to the lack of information in the available literature, the authors carried out tests of the temperature influence on the PMMA/ATH composite modulus of elasticity and flexural strength which is crucial in designing process.
Ventilated facades systems have become a widely used solution for elevations of commercial buildings. Yet, those systems use metal frames and brackets that interrupt continuity of thermal insulation by creating point thermal bridges. The influence of anchorage systems on the total performance of walls is either neglected or simplified upon assumption that their influence is not important because the thermal insulation is thick enough. This article, based on three-dimensional analyses, demonstrates a significant impact of point bridges created by the anchorage systems of ventilated building facades on the heat loss. The results emphasize the need for individual calculations.
The aim of this work was to obtain insulation composite anchors based on basalt textile-reinforced vinylester and epoxy resins for fixing heavy building elevation cladding. It concerns the problem of applying materials not originating from wood, construction steel or concrete in the building industry. So far, the application of polymeric materials, including polymeric composites, in construction has been limited to paints, varnishes and glues, and the use of engineering polymers as building materials has been limited. This article presents a study on the influence of the type of basalt reinforcement (in the form of textile, chopped fibre and powder) on the mechanical and functional properties of vinylester and epoxy compositions towards potential applications as construction anchors to fasten building facades. Based on an analysis of the experimental results, a material was selected for the production of novel construction anchors. The results reported here constitute an introduction to further considerations related to the applications of vinylester resin/basalt and epoxy resin/basalt composites as construction materials alternative to commonly used steel and aluminium.
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