A compact analytical model is proposed along with a parameter extraction methodology to accurately capture the steady-state (DC) sequential tunnelling current observed in the subthreshold region of the transfer IDS − VGS characteristics of MOSFETs at cryogenic temperatures. The model is shown to match measurements of p-MOSFETs and n-MOSFETs manufactured in a commercial 22nm FDSOI foundry technology, with reasonable accuracy across bias conditions and temperature (2 K -50 K). Furthermore, the extracted model parameters are used to analyze the impact of the gate and drain voltages and of layout geometry on the device characteristics.
Background:
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of hair loss in males which remains a therapeutic challenge.
Objectives:
To compare the efficacy of topical 5% minoxidil and 0.25% finasteride combination (MNF) over 5% minoxidil (MNX) or 0.25% finasteride (FNS) alone by assessing hair count, physician assessment score (PAS), and patient satisfaction score (PSS).
Materials and Methods:
Pilot randomized open-label study where 60 male patients with AGA ≥ III grade were randomized into three treatment groups and evaluated over 24 weeks. Improvement in hair count was assessed manually using dermoscopy. Global photographs were used to assess PAS. Side effects were evaluated using relevant laboratory investigations.
Results:
At the 12
th
and 24
th
week, all three groups showed significant improvement in total hair density as compared to baseline (
P
< 0.001). None of the groups was superior to the other (
P
> 0.05) at the 12
th
week but at 24
th
week, MNF was comparatively superior (
P
< 0.02). At the 12
th
week and 24
th
week, all three groups showed significant improvement in terminal hair density as compared to baseline (
P
< 0.001). In the 12
th
week, MNF was comparatively superior (
P
= 0.028) and at the 24
th
week, MNF was comparatively superior (
P
< 0.02). PAS and PSS were significantly better with MNF and MNX compared to FNS (
P
< 0.004). Side effects such as scaling and itching were reported with MNF and MNX.
Conclusion:
Topical minoxidil 5% and finasteride 0.25% had an overall better efficacy compared to monotherapy without significant side effects.
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