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In locations exposed to freezing conditions over the station service life, additional measures for selecting adequate station insulators at distribution and transmission voltage levels should be taken. This second part of the paper describes the selection process and mitigation options, based on the environmental parameters, as discussed in Part I. These include insulator size, shape, surface material, surface quality, electric field improvement, and orientation.

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Special measures may be needed to select line insulators for transmission and distribution lines in locations exposed to freezing conditions. This first part of the paper describes the environmental and electrical stresses encountered in service that influence the risk of flashover on line insulators. Part II of the paper describes the strength of typical line insulation in these conditions and deals with selection and mitigation methods.

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