Composites have gained wide acceptance because of their unique properties. Drilling is a prerequisite operation for composite materials to form assemblies. Poor hole quality can affect tensile strength, structural integrity in long-term usages. The parameters to predict machinability of a good-quality hole are lower specific cutting energy, minimum drilling-induced damages like peel up at entrance and push out delamination. In this article, effect of different tool geometries, speeds and feeds are investigated during drilling on a composite plate having different chemical composition for specific cutting energy, peel up at entrance and push out delamination. A series of experiments was established based on the techniques of Taguchi. Statistical tools like signal-to-noise ratio, the analysis of variance and regression analysis are used to investigate effect on specific cutting energy and delamination. Conclusions show that proper selection of tool and cutting parameters influence specific cutting energy and delamination.
Because of their high oil content in the kernel and ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, non-edible Jatropha, Karanja, and Styrax officinalis L seeds are primarily used in biodiesel production. Outstanding demand for biodiesel, as well as a huge amount of waste, is growing year after year. As a result, the research analysis includes the hydrolysis, saccharification, and fermentation of non-edible de-oiled cakes derived from the aforementioned plants. The study research includes the generation of bio-ethanol from non-edible cakes, as well as the de-oiled seed kernel, which is incubated at 200∘C, 25∘C, 30∘C, 35∘C, with pH 4, 5, 6, 7, and a holding time of 24 hours to produce the solid fuel. The compound cake is then fermented for 72 hours at 28∘C with Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a PH range of 5 to 6, and the substrate is autoclaved for 5 minutes at 15 psi pressure. Furthermore, this research study performed centrifuge harvesting at 10,000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4∘C. The study’s findings demonstrate the time-related conversion of sugar (DNSA) and alcohol production (potassium dichromate) treatment, which outperforms the prior acid hydrolysis process.
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