Propagation of short radio waves beyond the horizon is discussed in terms of reflection from layers in the atmosphere formed by relatively sharp gradients of refractive index. The atmosphere is assumed to contain many such layers of limited dimensions with random position and orientation. On this basis, the dependence of the propagation on path length, antenna size and wavelength is obtained.
This paper describes an extended series of experiments in beyond‐the‐horizon propagation on a 171‐mile overland path using 460 and 4110 mc. The following aspects of the propagation were investigated: the effect of antenna size on signal level and fading characteristics, wavelength dependence, seasonal and diurnal effects, a new form of diversity reception, the bandwidth capability of the medium. Many of the experiments were directed toward a better understanding of the mechanism of propagation.
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