1. The applied measures improved patient safety through better drug practices in participating EMOPEM hospitals. 2. Drug error rates obtained for this sample of Spanish hospitals are some of the highest published. They are significantly lower, however, when we exclude time errors and failure to inform the patient.
The quality of the web sites evaluated varied widely, although most received scores of more than 60 points (out of 100) in the 4 codes of conduct used for evaluation.
There is ample evidence that the pharmacokinetics of drugs in infants and children may differ markedly from those in adults. The goals of phannacokinetics is to maximize efficacy, minimize toxicity and drug interactions, enhance compliance, and reduce cost of medications. Studies with drugs including anticonvulsants, antimicrobials, digoxin, methotrexate and theophylline have demonstrated that these goals are achievable. Genetic and racial background, underlying disease, concurrent drugs, and nutritional status can influence pharmacokinetics. Population pharmacokinetics can provide useful data even when limited number of samples are available from a large number of patients. Pharmacokinetic monitoring is influenced by numerous factors including dose and dosage form, method of drug administration, times of sample collection, analytical and forecasting methods, and implementation of dosage recommendations. The future of pharmacokinetics, in large part would depend on correlating its parameters to the markers of efficacy and/or toxicity of medications. The ultimate goal of pharmacokinetics should be to improve the quality of life and health outcomes in infants and children.
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