X-ray diffraction is a major tool for the study of crystal structures and the characterization of crystal perfection. Since the discovery of X-ray diffraction by von Laue, Friedrich, and Knipping in 1912 two basic theories have been used to describe this diffraction. One is the approximate geometrical, or kinematical theory, applicable to small or highly imperfect crystals; it is used for the determination of crystal structures and the study of powders and polycrystalline materials. The other one is the rigorous dynamical theory, applicable to perfect or nearly perfect crystals and, for that reason, is the one used for the assessment of the structural properties of high technology materials. It has witnessed exciting developments since the advent of synchrotron radiation. This book provides an account of the dynamical theory of diffraction and of its applications. The first part serves as an introduction to the subject, presenting early developments, Ewald's theory of dispersion and the basic results of Laue's dynamical theory. This is followed in the second part by a detailed development of the diffraction and propagation properties of X-rays in perfect crystals, including the study of anomalous absorption, Pendellösung, grazing incidence diffraction (GID) and n-beam or multiple-beam diffraction. The third part constitutes an extension of the theory to the case of slightly and highly deformed crystals. The last part gives three applications of the theory: X-ray optics for synchrotron radiation, location of atoms at surfaces and interfaces and X-ray diffraction topography.

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In the 60 years since its birth in 1948, the number of journals published by the International Union of Crystallography has risen from one to eight. A brief account of the history of the forerunner of the IUCr journals, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, is given. The context of the birth of the IUCr and the first of its journals, Acta Crystallographica, is recalled. The circumstances which led to the growth of Acta into several sections, at first A and B then, successively, C, D, E and F, and the launch of two new journals, the Journal of Applied Crystallography and the Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, are described. The transition from print‐on‐paper to electronic journals is also remembered.

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A brief review of the different topographic methods is given in order to attempt a classification of the various types of contrast observed. Depending on whether the image is obtained by a reflection or transmission method, is simple or integrated, dynamic, direct, or intermediary, the contrast and image width vary greatly. A detailed analysis is given in the case of transmission section topographs.