The populace of the Lambussie-Karni District are mainly farmers who have resorted to the use of groundwater for irrigation during the dry season because of long drought and inadequate surface water bodies. The temporal variation of the groundwater quality for irrigation in the District was assessed using sixteen boreholes. Richard Plot indicates that groundwater in the study area is within the low salinity to low sodium hazard and medium salinity to low sodium hazard class. Wilcox Plot shows groundwater to be within excellent to good class in the catchment. Irrigation water quality index (IWQI) map was also developed to determine precisely the degree and areal extent of groundwater suitability for irrigation. ArcGIS 10.1 was used to generate thematic maps for sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), permeability index (PI), sodium percentage (Na %), HCO3-, pH and electrical conductivity. The results were compared to Food and Agricultural Organisations (FAO) standard guidelines. An IQWI map for the Lambussie- Karni District shows that groundwater is generally suitable for irrigation, about 24.57 % of the district will require crops which can tolerate high amount of salts. A percentage (39.82 %) of the catchment has groundwater, which is highly suitable for crops which are least resistant to salt. Keywords: Groundwater Suitability; Irrigation Water Quality; SAR; IWQI Map; Lambussie-Karni District
To ensure sustainability of the water supply system in Mattru Jong, Sierra Leone and ameliorate the outbreak of water-borne diseases, the water sources in MattruJong were investigated for quality, quantity and availability. Water quality analyses were carried out on samples from the Jong River and boreholes in the area to ascertain their physicochemical and biological constituents. High presence of total iron and turbidity were found in the samples obtained from the Jong River. The water sources were all acidic with the exception of borehole sample BH 2 . Piper plots revealed Na ………………………………………………………………………………………………. Introduction:-Most public water supply systems including the Mattru Jong water supply system located in Mattru Jong in the Bonthe District were destroyed in the course of the Sierra Leonean war which lasted between 1991 and 2001. The water supply system which depended solely on surface water to feed the system for treatment and supply was constructed with the degremont technology which included special dosing, clarification, aeration, flocculation and separation chambers. Essential components of the system were damaged during the war and this rendered the system ineffective and unable to meet the water demand of the inhabitants of Mattru Jong and other communities in the Bonthe District of Sierra Leone. Demand for potable water has increased after the war because most of the refugees have returned home resulting in an increase in the population. Because of this shortage in supply from the water supply system most of the inhabitants resort to the use of untreated surface water bodies and some unprotected hand dug wells for their daily water use. The Sewa creek (surface water) which is the source for the Mattru Jong water supply system before and after the war is not sustainable throughout the year making it impossible to extract suitable quantities of water needed for treatment and subsequent supply all year. Also the chemical and physical constituents of the water source are gradually deteriorating due to numerous anthropogenic activities carried out in the source area. It has therefore become necessary to find additional sources of potable water to feed the water supply system in Mattru Jong. The objectives of the study are to locate appropriate and potable water sources for the water supply system, determine the water quality and to recommend appropriate treatment options.
Groundwater is an important resource in the Adansi mining area as some communities in the area are not connected to the Ghana national water network. These communities therefore utilise groundwater for potable water supply. The hydrogeological properties of an aquifer coupled with climatic conditions and geomorphology determines how much groundwater exists in that location. A hydrogeological study of the rocks in the Adansi area was carried out to obtain the aquifer hydraulic properties. Drilling and pumping test analysis information were used to assess these properties. The average borehole depth in the area was 44.3 m whilst the average static water level is 10.75 m. There is a general decrease in yield with an increase in borehole total depth. There is also no strong correlation between aquifer saturated thickness, yield and drawdown. Transmissivity of the aquifer decreases from the phyllite, argillitc sediments, granites to sandstone. Three hydrogeological regimes (> 0.9 m/day, 0.9 -0.09 m/day and < 0.09 m/day) were also realised based on the hydraulic conductivity. The spatial distribution of the hydraulic properties suggests the influence of geological structures on the occurrence of groundwater in the area.
The assessment of groundwater vulnerability to contamination has become an important element for landuse planning and groundwater resource management. This study aims at estimating groundwater vulnerability using an integration of Geographic Information System (GIS) and DRASTIC method in the Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly (KMA). The groundwater vulnerability map was prepared using index and overlay analysis with the aid of Arc GIS 10. The DRASTIC Index (DI) computed ranged between 70 and 164 as the lowest and highest contamination potential respectively. The eastern and western flanks and northwest tip of KMA are underlain by the granites which bear water due to the combined effect of weathering and fracturing and are dominated by "Very High", "High" and "Moderate" vulnerability based on the vulnerability index computed. The "Low" and "Very Low" vulnerability are located at the northern, central and southern parts of KMA which are underlain by phyllites. These suggest that boreholes located in the Birimian metasedimentary units which comprise mainly phyllites would be less likely to be vulnerable to contamination than those located in the intrusive rocks dominated by the granites.
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