Blood pressure and heart rate responses to oral tyramine have been measured in healthy volunteers before and after administration of the selective monoamine oxidase B inhibitor selegiline at high dosage (30 mg/day). Treatment brought about a 2 to 4-fold increase in tyramine sensitivity and a concomitant small but significant reduction in plasma 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol concentration, pointing to the emergence of some degree of monoamine oxidase A inhibition. It is suggested that patients treated with selegiline 30 mg/day or more should be placed on a tyramine-free diet.

Oxygen supply is crucial in industrial application of microbial systems, such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, but oxygen transfer is often neglected in early strain characterizations, typically done under aerobic conditions. In this work, a new procedure for oxygen transfer screening is presented, assessing the impact of maximum oxygen transfer conditions (OTRmax) within microtiter plate-based cultivation for enhanced throughput. Oxygen-dependent growth and productivity were characterized for C. glutamicum ATCC13032 and C. glutamicum DM1933 (lysine producer). Biomass and lysine product yield are affected at OTRmax below 14 mmol L(-1) h(-1) in a standardized batch process, but not by further increase of OTRmax above this threshold value indicating a reasonable tradeoff between power input and oxygen transfer capacity OTRmax. The described oxygen transfer screening allows comparative determination of metabolic robustness against oxygen transfer limitation and serves identification of potential problems or opportunities later created during scale-up.

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Studies on flavonoids from plant sources has gained a momentum due to their versatile health benefits. The main sources of flavonoids in humans are fruits, vegetables, red wine and tea. They are small molecular weight secondary metabolites produced in different parts of the plant such as seeds, bark, root, fruits and flowers. Galangin (3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) a naturally occurring flavonoid is present in roots of Alpinia officinarum, honey and propolis. Its extraction and detection has been reported using various methods such as chromatography, spectrophotometric and electrochemical methods associated with other sophisticated techniques. Galangin showed various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, radical scavenging, anticancer activity and hypolipidimic activity. The present review discusses the pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetics and bioanalytical aspects of galangin, which can be beneficial for researchers working in the field of galangin