ously, it is possible to correct the reading for any differences in leaf thickness. Using red and NIR values, the Chlorophyll meters can be an alternative to traditional tissue analy-N-Tester calculates a numeric, dimensionless value that sis as plant N nutritional diagnostic tools. In the present study, the is proportional to the amount of total chlorophyll presrelationships among chlorophyll meter N-Tester measurements, plant ent in the leaf (Neukirchen and Lammel, 2002). N concentration, N uptake at different growth stages (GS-32, GS-37), and grain yield were studied to evaluate the N-Tester as a tool
Cereal grain and nitrogen (N) fertilizer prices have varied greatly in recent years. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum dose of N fertilizer needed to maximize revenues of soft red winter wheat in Alava (northern Spain). Economically optimum rates of N application (N yield ) ranged from 142 to 174 kg N ha 21 depending on the price of both N fertilizer and wheat. Growers received an extra income of 0.006 J kg 21 if the grain protein content was greater than 12.5%, with the minimum required N dose to obtain this value (N prot ) being 176 kg ha 21 . The extra amount of N fertilizer required over N yield to reach N prot ranged from 2 to 34 kg N ha 21 , and the extra benefits associated varied from 24 to 36 J ha 21 .
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