Relevance. Chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) is a disease that affects 20 % of people for more than 5 years. One out of five patients has tachyphylaxis, and traditional therapy is not effective. In addition, a problem of predictable adverse effects is the increasing growth in cases refractory to therapy, as well as a decrease in the quality of life of patients. The aim of the work is to study modern methods of chronic idiopathic urticaria treatment.
Numerous studies have indicated that the problem of pain relief at a dental appointment is extremely relevant, since the number of patients with multiple carious lesions and their complications is quite high. This paper reviews the literature on the use of anesthetics in the dental practice in order to provide painless qualified comprehensive dental care. Purpose: to analyze the literature data in order to identify the effectiveness of various anesthetics during dental procedures. Search strategy: The study analyzed full-text publications in English and Russian, which are devoted to the most commonly used anesthetics in the Russian Federation. Results and conclusions: Modern types of anesthetics and methods of pain relief at a dental appointment were studied, their pharmacological properties were compared, and more effective anesthetics were identified: for topical anesthesia — bumecaine, for infiltration anesthesia — articaine as less toxic and not causing allergic reactions.
The main attention regarding the issue of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 is given to timely diagnosis and pharmacotherapy, which focus on patients’ resuscitation, weakening the cytokine storm [1], and immediate treatment with antiviral drugs. But, in essence, COVID-19 looks like a metaphorical iceberg, being a public health disaster in disguise. By analogy with the post-resuscitation syndrome, this pathological condition is characterized by a clinically significant deterioration in the quality of life and an increased risk of death within 1 year, which are associated with a combination of effects that persist long after the resolution of infectious symptoms.
After the first cases of COVID-19 were identified, the symptoms in these patients were found to persist for several weeks after the acute infection. Soon, in the spring of 2020, a post-COVID syndrome was described. Mild to moderate COVID-19 lasts for about two weeks in most people. But for others, health problems persist even after patients have recovered from the acute phase of the disease. These patients no longer have live coronavirus in their bodies. When examining such a patient, the test for coronavirus will be negative, but the patient can be seriously weakened, with reduced quality of life and working capacity. These symptoms have several names. In international terminology, there is a term PASC, literally post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2. More common terms are post-COVID or post-COVID syndrome, long-term COVID or long COVID.
In the context of a decrease in the infection of the population with the novel coronavirus infection, as well as a decline in the severity of the course and mortality of COVID-19 patients, the management of patients after the infection remains relevant in the conditions of the so-called «long COVID» (post-COVID syndrome). Currently, the symptom complex of post-COVID syndrome most often includes tiredness, fatigue, pain (myalgia and arthralgia), decreased physical strength and endurance, decreased performance, quality of life, and daily activities. Common mental health problems include anxiety disorders, depression and emotional stress, among other symptoms. Pharmacotherapy of post-COVID syndrome may include anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs,neurocytoprotectors, antiaggregants and anticoagulants, vitamins, and psychotropic drugs. According to various researchers, fluvoxamine is a drug that can not only have its direct psychotropic effect and be used during the early rehabilitation of patients, but also be considered in the prevention and treatment of the novelcoronavirus infection as an antiviral drug, providing anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet and immunomodulatory eff ects.
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