This work describes the performance of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) copolymer and modified poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA-M) as pour point reducer. Commercially available EVA copolymer modified with sodium hydroxide in methanol. Partially hydrolyzed EVA was obtained and Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) analysis of the modified EVA was recorded. The modified and unmodified EVA was used to crude oil of South Turgai, Kazakhstan, in order to improve the flowability of the crude oil. According to the rheological behavior of oils in the South Turgai, the findings showed that modified EVA lowered the dynamic viscosity greater compared to unmodified EVA and heat treatment. Dynamic viscosities and yield points of different oils with various temperatures with using EVA and EVA-M were studied systematically. Finally microphotograph of crystal structures two oils with using EVA and EVA-M, under same conditions, were compared and discussed.
In this work, we investigated a modification of a copolymer based on α-olefin (octadecene-1) (ODC) and maleic anhydride (MA) synthesized by the method of initiated radical polymerization. In the studies carried out, it was revealed that of all the synthesized copolymers based on maleic anhydride, the copolymer with α-octadecene was the most effective copolymer in reducing the viscosity of oil and TPT. In this work, a copolymer based on maleic anhydride and octadecene-1 (ODC – MA) was modified with primary amines – butylamine (BA), hexylamine (HA), hexadecylamine (HDA), octadecylamine (ODA), benzylamine (BzA). The copolymer was modified in a xylene solution with a Dean – Stark packing; the ratio of the ODC – MA copolymer to amines was 1:1.2 mol. Tololsulfonic acid (TSC) 0.5 wt% was used as a catalyst. Synthesis temperature 140°C, time 8 hours. The degree of completion of the reaction was evaluated by the amount of water formed in the Dean Stark packing. Modified copolymers ODC – MA with amines (ODC – MA – BA, ODC – MA – HA, ODC – MA – HDA, ODC – MA – ODA, ODC – MA – BzA) were characterized by Fourier IR spectroscopy and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, which indicates the transformation of the original anhydride rings into imide ones. Modified copolymers were tested on waxy oil as depressants. Moreover, all modified copolymers exhibit the properties of depressants – they reduce the viscosity and TPT of oil relative to oil without an PPD. The morphology of waxy crystals formed in oil during a decrease in temperature was determined by microscopy; it was shown that modified waxy crystals of small sizes are formed compared to the original oil without PPDs, which indicates the dispersing effect of modified copolymers based on ODC – MA.
The present work aims to provide amine-modified polyethylene-acrylic acid (PEAA) copolymers as a pour point depressant (PPD) that will be evaluated for lower pour point of crude oil. For this, PEAA was amidated with butylamine and octadecylamine in the presence of xylene as a solvent at 150 °C for 10 hours to obtain copolymers PEAA/ODA and PEAA/BA. The copolymers were modified by amidation using the carboxyl groups of an ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer as reaction sites in reactions with RNH2. The resulting copoly-mers were purified and analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. The modified PEAA copolymers were evaluated for their effectiveness as depressants for crude oils by pour point measurements at 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 200 ppm and rheological measurements at 100 ppm. The pour point measurements of the crude oil showed that octadecylamine-modified PEAA copolymer performed better than butylamine-modified and unmodified PEAA copolymer. The effectiveness of the modified copolymers compared to unmodified PEAA can be ex-plained by the polarity of the monoalkylamide groups in the peripheral substituents along the copolymer backbone, which plays a crucial role in preventing the agglomeration of wax crystals in crude oil.
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