As a result of stage screening, there were selected promising bacterial strains to create laboratory samples of biological products on their basis to protect winter wheat from the causative agents of fusarium root rot. The purpose of the work is to determine the growth-stimulating and protective effect of laboratory samples of Bacillus subtilis BZR 336g and B. subtilis BZR 517 on winter wheat plants, as well as to determine the antagonistic effect of strains on Fusarium fungi. As a result of the work, there was established a positive effect of laboratory samples on the growth, development and germination of plants in greenhouse conditions and the ability to significantly inhibit the mycelium of phytopathogenic fungi F. graminearun, F. culmorum and Microdochium nivale in laboratory conditions. The study of the samples artificially infected in a climatic chamber showed not only a high protective effect of these laboratory samples, but also made it possible to determine the regimes for their use. The conducted tests prove the viability of new bioagents as environmentally friendly plant-protective products.
As a result of a series of experiments to study the entomopathogenic activity of bacteria and viruses from the “State Collection of Entomoacariphages and Microorganisms”, it was revealed that the large wax moth Galleria mellonella L. it is sensitive to new strains of bacteria and viruses. In the future, the strains can be used in the subsequent stages of screening of microorganisms that are promising as agents of biological pest control. The maximum biological efficacy on the fifth day against the tested insect was observed when using bacterial strains Bacillus spp. BZR 1159 (94.6%) and BZR 936 (95.0%) and a granulovirus strain of the codling moth (CpGV) BZR L-5 (100%). Larvae of G. mellonella L were susceptible to melanization in the process of infection with new bacterial and viral agents.
Excessive application of chemical insecticides in agriculture has led to some serious problems that threaten the environment and human health. One of the possible ways to overcome the situation is to shift to environmentally-friendly preparations based on entomopathogenic bioagents. The purpose of this review was to search for and systematize methodological approaches to determine the entomopathogenic activity of microorganisms of various taxonomic groups in laboratory conditions. The expediency of choosing the necessary method when studying a particular phenomenon or process is an important point both in the fundamental and applied field of research. The primary assessment of the entomopathogenic activity of microorganisms in vitro is the basis for expanding the spectrum of their action, introducing new strains into collections. It also contributes to the replenishment of knowledge about the already known properties of various types of microorganisms. All this, certainly, is connected with the further choice of them as biological agents. Each of the presented groups of entomopathogens has its distinctive features of the mechanisms of action determined by the target insect. Concerning the choice of methodological approaches for assessing the entomopathogenic effect of fungi, the authors relied on the physiological characteristics of the insect and its stage of harmfulness. The researchers were guided by methodological approaches of oral infection of insects using an infected food source to study the activity of bacterial strains. Pathological changes in the cellular structure, as well as deformations of intestinal elements, were noted. The most common way to assess the effect of entomopathogenic viruses in the laboratory is the method of surface infection of the food source of the tested insect, taking into account the high specialization of the agent. When studying the mechanisms of action of fungal, bacterial and viral agents, researchers injected a suspension of the pathogen into the insect’s body. The search and systematization of relevant methodological approaches to assess entomopathogenic microorganisms depending on the taxonomic affiliation is an important part of the work directly related to the development of a high-quality and effective bioinsecticide.
Цель работы: подбор регуляторов роста растений и биологических препаратов фунгицидного действия, оказывающих положительное влияние на энергию прорастания, всхожесть, рост и развитие растений томата сорта Транс Рио. Влияние регуляторов роста растений и микробиологических препаратов на энергию прорастания, всхожесть, рост и развитие растений было определено в лабораторных условиях на базе ФГБНУ ФНЦБЗР путем помещения обработанных семян во влажную камеру. Объектами исследования выступали регуляторы роста растений: Биодукс, Ж, ОберегЪ, Р, Иммуноцитофит, ТАБ; Рибав-Экстра, Р; биологические фунгициды на основе живых культур микроорганизмов: Гамаир, СП, Триходерма Вериде 471, СП, Псевдобактерин-2, Ж, Споробактерин, СП, а также штаммы В. velezensis BZR 517, В. velezensis BZR 336g. В работе был использован краситель Sapphire Seed Coat, разрешенный к применению в ЕС в органическом земледелии. Совместимость биопрепаратов была определена методом диффузии в агар. Исследование методом диффузии в арар показало, что краситель Sapphire Seed Coat не оказывает ингибирующего действия на микробиологические препараты Гамаир, СП; Триходерма 471, СП; Псевдобактерин-2, Ж; Споробактерин, СП и штаммы В. velezensis BZR 517, В. velezensis BZR 336g. Отмечено положительное влияние на рост и развитие томата препарата Гамаир, СП и штамма В. velezensis BZR 336g: увеличение массы корня на 23,5–52,9% и массы побега на 36,5–70,3%. Отмечено статистически значимое увеличение всех биометрических показателей при использовании смеси Иммуноцитофит, ТАБ и Sapphire Seed Coat: прибавка массы корня на 36,4%, длины и массы побега на 7,9 и 1,5% соответственно. Отобраны биопрепараты, которые будут задействованы в дальнейших этапах работы в качестве экологически безопасных средств для обработки семян томата с целью долгосрочного хранения (Гамаир, СП и штамм В. velezensisBZR 336g). Purpose of this work is to select plant growth regulators and biological preparations of fungicidal action that have a positive effect on the germination energy, germination, growth and development of tomato plants of the Trans Rio variety. The effect of plant growth regulators and microbiological preparations on germination energy, germination, growth and development of plants was determined in laboratory conditions at the base FSBSI FRCBPP by placing treated seeds in a humid chamber. The objects of the study were plant growth regulators: Biodux, F, Obereg, P, Immunocytophyte, TAB; Ribav-Extra, P; biological fungicides based on live cultures of microorganisms: Gamair, SP; Trichoderma Veride 471, SP, Pseudobacterin-2, F, Sporobacterin, SP, as well as strains of B. velezensisBZR 517, B. velezensis BZR 336g. The dye Sapphire Seed Coat, approved for use in the EU in organic farming, was used in the work. The compatibility of biological products was determined by the method of diffusion into agar. The method of diffusion into agar showed that the Sapphire Seed Coat does not have an inhibitory effect on the microbiological preparations Gamair, SP; Trichoderma 471, SP; Pseudobacterin-2, W; Sporobacterin, SP and the strains B. velezensis BZR 517, B. velezensis BZR 336g. A positive effect on the growth and development of tomato preparation Gamair, SP and strain B. velezensis BZR 336g was noted: an increase in root weight by 23.5–52.9% and shoot weight by 36.5–70.3%. There was a statistically significant increase in all biometric indicators when using a mixture of Immunocytophit, TAB and Sapphire Seed Coat: an increase in root weight by 36.4%, length and weight of the shoot by 7.9 and 1.5%, respectively. Biological products have been selected that will be used in the further stages of work as environmentally safe means for processing tomato seeds for long-term storage (Gamair, SP and B. velezensis strain BZR 336g).
Currently, there is an active development of environmentally friendly methods of farming. However, the range of products for this type of farming system is limited. Growth stimulation is one of the mechanisms ensuring plant resistance to diseases that reduce crop yields. The aim of the work is to study the effect of laboratory samples of new biological products based on B. subtilis BZR 336 g, B. subtilis BZR 517, P. chlororaphis 245 F strains and organo-mineral fertilizers PRK White Pearl Brown (WPB) and PRK White Pearl Universal” (WPU) on plant growth and development of plants, as well as study of the possibility of their joint use for subsequent inclusion in organic farming systems or integrated plant protection. Growthpromoting ability was assessed in winter wheat and sunflower plants grown in sand in a climatic chamber. As comparison variants there were seed treatment with water (control), chemical (Dividend Star, KS) and biological (Fitosporin-M, F, B. subtilis 26 D) standards. In two plant cultures there was an expected retardant effect of the chemical standard and the growth-promoting effect of the biological standard. Statistically significant data were obtained for such a parameter as the shoot length. On winter wheat, laboratory samples provided the shoot length of 24.1-25.2 mm (an addition to the control of 3.4-8.2%), organic and mineral fertilizers - 23.9-24.5 mm (2.6-5.2%), mixtures with WPU - 23.2-24.4 mm (-0.4-4.7%), mixtures with WPB - 24.1-25.9 mm (3.4-11.2%), a significant increase in root length was not observed in this culture. On winter wheat, it is advisable to use the studied products separately. Sunflower is more responsive to the action of laboratory samples. They provided a shoot length of 13.6-14.6 mm (20.9-27.0%) and a root of 9.2-10.2 mm (4.5-15.9%). Organo-mineral fertilizers provided a shoot length of 14.2-14.5 mm (23.5-26.1%) and the root length of 10.8 mm (22.7%). Mixtures with WPU provided shoot length of 14.7-15.4 mm (27.8-33.9%), mixtures with WPB provided shoot length of 11.9-14.5 mm (3.5-26.1%), and no significant increase in root length was noted. The data obtained indicate the presence in the laboratory samples of fungicidal biological products growth-promoting properties, which vary depending on the culture and additionally used organic and mineral fertilizers. To confirm the results, additional experiments are necessary. Research in this direction will allow the rational use of the studied means of protection and increase plant yields in systems of organic, ecologized and integrated farming, and can help reduce the pesticidal pressure on agrocenoses.Conflict of interest: the authors stated that there was no conflict of interest.
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