Aims: Study was carried out to investigate the effect of imidacloprid on biochemical parameters and growth of soil isolate. The imidacloprid degradation by the soil isolate was also studied. Study Design: The soil isolate was identified and used for toxicity testing. The isolate of Bacillus weihenstephanensis was further tested for its ability to degrade imidacloprid in minimal salt medium (MSM) and tryptic soya medium (TSB). The role of plasmid in imidacloprid degradation was established by curing experiments.
Imidacloprid is a chloronicotinyl insecticide used widely to control biting and sucking insects. The over accumulation of this pesticide in environment requires higher awareness about this pesticide. Present investigation was carried out to analyze the effect of imidacloprid on antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase in soil isolate Bacillus weihenstephanensis isolated after laboratory and field studies on the toxic effect of imidacloprid. Further, the genes for the three enzymes involved in the antioxidant defense process in soil isolate Bacillus weihenstephanensis were sequenced and identified. Study on the effect of -to -molar concentrations of imidacloprid for a period of , , and h on three antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase in Bacillus weihenstephanensis showed that there was an increase in the activity of all the three antioxidant enzymes. The enzyme activity increased with an increase in the concentration of insecticide proving that the inhibitory effect is dosedependent. Further, sequencing revealed that Fe/MnSOD sod " , hydroxyperoxidase HP II Kat E and glutathione peroxidase genes were expressed in response to stress induced by imidacloprid treatment in Bacillus weihenstephanensis. The present investigation indicates that imidacloprid induces the expression of antioxidant enzymes in the soil isolate Bacillus weihenstephanensis. The synthesis of antioxidant enzymes may be helping Bacillus weihenstephanensis in resisting the toxic effects of imidacloprid.
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