Relevance. Caries and premature loss of teeth is among the causes of the development of malocclusion. Caries develops with greater frequency on proximal and occlusal surfaces of mandibular first molars, which increases the risk of periapical complications due to late diagnosis of tooth decay. Students of the Russian Ministry of Defense schools for comprehensive education belong to reserve units of law enforcement authorities, agencies and services. Therefore, prevention and sustaining their good health, including dental health, is a top priority.The paper objective is to evaluate the frequency of carious lesions of various surfaces of mandibular molars and their complications in students of educational institutions of the Ministry of Defense of Russia.Methods. We examined 30 first year students with class II malocclusion (K07.20 according to ICD-10) aged 11-12 years, using basic (clinical examination and probing) and additional (questionnaires, photo protocol, radiography) research methods. All patients underwent cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in natural occlusion with a resolution of 17Ч15.Results and discussion. 45 % of the examined students revealed latent carious lesions of the enamel below the level of the equator, predominantly localized on the tooth medial surface. At the same time, carious lesions communicating with the tooth cavity in 60.9 % of cases were localized on the contact surfaces (Class II according to Black), in 39.1% - on the chewing surface (Class I according to Black). Periapical foci of destruction were found in 38.3 % of cases.Conclusion. When diagnosing and planning orthodontic treatment of malocclusion in students of the Russian Ministry of Defense institutions, it is important to refer the patient to CBCT in order to timely detect hidden carious lesions of the enamel below the equator and prevent the transition of uncomplicated caries into complicated cases.
Relevance. Distoclusion is the most common anomaly of occlusion in childhood. Genetic predisposition, bad habits, premature loss of teeth, somatic pathologies are predisposing factors for impaired growth and development of the maxillofacial region. Pupils of general educational organizations of the Russian Ministry of Defense serve as a personnel reserve for law enforcement agencies and services, and their health, including dental health, is a priority for its preservation and strengthening Intention – To assess effects of distoclusion on the child’s social and psychological adaptation.Methodology. 50 children of 11–12 years with distoclusion (К07.20 by ICD-10) who were enrolled in the 1st year of study underwent survey along with their legal representatives to identify complaints and somatic pathology, as well as an assessment of the psychological status using the Children’s Form of Manifest Anxiety Scale (CMAS); clinical examination; photo protocol; calculation of 3D control and diagnostic models by the method of Pont, Ton, Korkhaus.Results and Discussion. When being taken anamnesis, children and their parents complained of aesthetic and functional disorders. A significant correlation was found between the narrowing of the upper jaw in the area of the premolars by (5.4 ± 0.)7 mm, in the area of the molars by (5.7 ± 1.3) mm; narrowing of the lower jaw in the area of premolars by (6.0 ± 0.3) mm and molars by (4.1 ± 0.7) mm and the psychological state of the examined children. The average CMAS level was (7.3 ± 2.3), which indicates increased anxiety in the children. 8 (16 %) pupils had a high level of anxiety and required measures of psychological correction and psychoprophylaxis.Conclusion. In pupils with distoclusion, there is a pronounced narrowing of the dentition in the area of premolars and molars, significant overjet, protrusion of the anterior group of teeth, which affects the aesthetic perception by others and is reflected in the psychological state of the examined children.
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