The important part of doing a research about artificial soils is their classification. Nowadays there is no generally accepted classification system of artificial soils. Moreover, the principles of classification in Russia and over European Union significantly differ from each other. Then, in present paper, different classification systems have been analysed and the attempt to classify two types of studied artificial soils have been made. The paper explain the authors’ position about the question from which side is more appropriate to classify artificial soils for purposes of engineering geology.
High concentration of mining enterprises in cryolithozone in Yakutia can become the reason of economic loss because of climate warming anomalies. The paper deals with the investigation of the features of cryolithosystems reaction to climate change and search for a certain rhythmic ordering of climatic fluctuations and response to it of space-time shifts in cryolithosystems. According to the results of engineering and geological surveys carried out by the authors in 2001-2017, numerical modeling of series of average annual temperatures of the hydrometeorological station Yakutsk (Central Yakutia) was conducted by means of Fourier Analysis, wavelet Analysis and series autocorrelation analysis. Temperature fluctuations associated with 11, 22, 36. 48 and 72-year solar-conditioned cycles were detected. The wavelet analysis also showed the presence of less short-term periodic oscillations. A large cyclic temperature wave with a period of about 75 years is revealed. A forecast of the development of warming change in Yakutia for the coming decades is made. After a short decline in the rate of warming, intensification of its dynamics in the late twenties and during the thirties of this century, as well as in the second half of the current century cycle is predicted. Inertial processes in the permafrost zone will lead to its greatest destruction in 20-30 years after the accentuation of increased warming.
The paper discusses exogenous processes and dangers associated with their intensification on the plains and in the mountains of Yakutia in the XXI century. It has been established that these processes result from natural and climatic anomalies caused by changes in the climate. The first wave of hazardous exogenous processes swept over the plains of Central Yakutia at the beginning of the XXI century (from 2002 to 2004). This wave was triggered by a series of dry summers, which caused forest fires of unprecedented scale and the subsequent intensification of freeze-thaw processes in the areas impacted by the fires. The second exogenous wave which impacted the area a decade later (from 2012 to 2015) was triggered by positive anomalies caused by an increase in atmospheric humidity. The impact of this wave was especially vivid in mountainous areas, in the spurs of the Verkhoyansk Range in particular, where significant damage was caused to roads and other linear structures. A key role in the intensification of slope processes was played by seasonal flooding and suprapermafrost water processes which triggered large-scale landslides of Quaternary sediments. It has been found that climatic and exogenous anomalies can be attributed to solar maxima and minima in 11-year (Schwabe-Wolf) solar cycles. It can be expected that the next exogenous wave will hit the area at the maximum of the current 11-year cycle from 2023 to 2025.
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