In this study, low-cost biochar adsorbent originated from camel bone was prepared by physical treatment, and the prepared camel bone biochar for the removal of Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ from aqueous solutions was examined. The characterization of the prepared biochar adsorbent before and after the treatment with the metal solutions was done by using XRD, SEM, FT-IR, and BET surface isotherm. The bone sample was pyrolyzed at temperature 500, 600, 800, and 900 °C. Adsorption efficiency of Pb and Cd were optimized by varying different parameters viz., pH, pHz, contact time, initial metal concentration, adsorbent dosage, and temperature. Nature of the adsorption process is predicted by using adsorption kinetic, isotherms, and thermodynamic models. The results revealed that the effective pyrolysis of camel bone achieved at 800 °C which possess high removal capacity. The maximum adsorption removal percentage for Cd and Pb were 99.4 and 99.89%, respectively at contact time of 1 h, adsorbent dosage of 1 g, pH=5, and initial metal concentration 10 mg/L of both metal salts. The kinetic results of cadmium and lead adsorption obeyed a pseudo-second-order model and fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm.
[Ni (C,,H greater than 36. The structure was solved using the Patterson heavy-atom method and the remaining atoms were located in succeeding difference Fourier syntheses. The structure was then refined by full matrix least-squares using anisotropic temperature factors. Hydrogen atoms were located and their positions and isotropic parameters were refined.
Synthesis and Characterisation of Scandium (111)-, Yttrium (111)-, and Lanthanum (111) Violurate ComplexesSc3+-, Y3+-and La3+ violurate complexes were prepared. The isolated complexes are freely soluble in water, dilute mineral acids,MeOH, Me,CO, DMF, DMS, partially soluble in AcOH and insoluble in EtOH, CHCI, and CCI,. Molecular compositions of the complexes were formulated on the basis of elemental analysis, molar conductivity and infrared spectra. The IR spectra of violuric acid and its metal complexes reveal that bonding takes place through coordination bond between the central metal ion and the oxygen atom of the oximino (C-N=O) group and covalent bond between the central metal ion and oxygen atom of the phenolic (ketonic, C-0-H) group in the case of 1 :2 and 1 :3 complexes, and through coordination bond between the central metal ion and the oxygen atom of the C -N = 0 group and covalent bonds between the central metal ion and C -0 -H and N -H groups in the case of 2: 3 complexes. All the isomorphous complexes detected by the X-ray powder patterns [the (2:3) Sc3+-VA and (2:3) Y3+-VA complexes, (1:2) Sc3+-VA, (1 :2) Y3+-VA and (1 :2) La3+-VA complexes, and the (1 :3) Y3+-VA and (1 :3) La3+-VA complexes] have similar X-ray, eletronic and IR spetrograms and chemical formulae. The electronic spectra in D M F and in nujol mulls characterise the octahedral stereochemistry for the investigated complexes.
Violurate complexes of Ce3+, Pr3+, Pr4+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Gd3+, Dy3+, Ho3+, Er3+, and Yb3+ were prepared. The prepared complexes are freely soluble in hot water and dilute mineral acids. Thermal analysis (DTA, DTG, and TGA) show that the solid complexes are characterized by endo-and exothermic bands, indicating that they are degradated a t different temperature stages. TheIR spectra of the ligand and its metal complexes reveal that bonding takes place through coordination bonds between the central metal ion and the oxygen atom of the oximino (C = N -0 ) group and the oxygen of the phenolic (ketonic group ( C r O -H). All the isomorphous complexes, detected by the X-ray diffraction patterns, have similar IR spectra.
The magnetic moments and the electronic spectra of violurate complexes of Ce3+, Pr3+, Pr4+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Gd3+, Ho3+, Er3+, and Yb3+ have been investigated. The solid complexes are paramagnetic and have magnetic moment values near t o the ground state values of the free ions. Few cases differ, since there exist possible electronic transitions (4f -5d) in case of Ce3+ complexes and (f + f ) for Ho3+ and Dy3+ complexes. The magnetic measurements in connection with the electronic spectra were used t o decide the different electronic structural configuration of elements and hence the configuration of the COordination polyhedra around the central metal ions of the investigated complexes.
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