The optimal temperature for the human life activity has been determined, by assuming that this parameter corresponds to the most intensive oxygen transport in arteries and the most intensive chemical reactions in the cells. The oxygen transport is found to be mainly governed by the blood saturation with oxygen and the blood plasma viscosity, with the both parameters depending on the temperature and the acid-base balance in blood. Additional parameters affecting the erythrocyte volume and, accordingly, the temperature of the most intensive oxygen transport are also taken into account. Erythrocytes are assumed to affect the shear viscosity of blood in the same way, as impurity particles change the suspension viscosity. It is shown that theoptimal temperature equals 36.6 ∘C under normal environmental conditions. The dependence of the optimal temperature for the human life activity on the acid-base index is discussed.
The density and shear viscosity of human blood plasma and their dependence on the concentration of proteins (albumin, y-globulin, fibrinogen, etc.) entering the natural blood composition have been studied. The biomaterial concentration is varied by diluting the blood plasma with the isotonic aqueous solution. It is shown that a decrease in the biomaterial concentration down to 0.91 of its initial value leads to a drastic change in the plasma density and to a change in the character of the concentration dependence of the shear viscosity of blood plasma. A hypothesis is put forward that the observed changes in the density and shear viscosity result from the structural transformations induced by oligomerization processes; first of all, by the albumin dimerization. A conclusion is drawn that the introduced blood substitutes should not exceed 10% of the blood mass; otherwise, structural transformations of a biomaterial in blood plasma can be provoked.
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