677.027.622:533.9 and S. F. Sadova Treatment with low-temperature plasma is one of the most economical and effective methods of modifying the surface of different materials. The continuous (pad-steam) method of dyeing wool fabric containing 10% polyamide fibre (capron) was investigated. Samples dyed by the continuous method were almost the same as samples dyed with the intermittent method with respect to resistance to dry and wet friction and perspiration. Dyeing worsted fabric with a low polyamide fibre content undergoing plasma chemical treatment with the continuous method is thus expedient, since it allows obtaining uniform coloring and is economically advantageous.Treatment with low-temperature plasma (LTP) is one of the most economical and effective methods of modifying the surface of different materials. Methods of treating fabrics with cold plasma will allow solving many environmental and economic problems in the textile industry.At present, worsted fabrics with a different wool and chemical fibre content are only dyed by the intermittent method due to the insufficient wettability of wool and the difficulty in obtaining uniform color. This method is characterized by the important duration, laboriousness, and high consumption of water and power, and it also decreases the strength properties of the fibres, especially the wool.We investigated a continuous (pad-steam) method of dyeing wool fabric containing 10% polyamide fibre (capron). The effect of the temperature of the pad bath, pad time, degree of wringing, steaming time, and composition of the dye on the uniformity and intensity of the color in dyeing wool fabric treated with LTP was investigated. The fabric was treated in air plasma in industrial conditions on a KPR-180 machine in standard conditions for 18 sec.Acid dyes manufactured by Clariant (Switzerland) were used for dyeing the fabric Sandalans Red MF-2BL, Dark Blue MF-2RLA, Dark Blue MF-2GL, and Yellow-gold MF-RL, and a surfactant (a weakly cationic leveler), Lyogen MF.The kinetics of dyeing samples of the initial and LTP-treated fabrics was investigated. To determine sorption of the dye (A, mg/g of fibre), weighed portions of dyed samples were weighed with an accuracy of up to 0.0001 g and dissolved in 3% NaOH solution while boiling. The wool was hydrolyzed, the capron constituent (in the form of very thin net) was extracted, washed, dried, and weighed. The content of dye fixed by the capron fibre was determined by removing it with a waterpyridine solution while boiling with the method in [1]. After filtration, the optical density of the solutions obtained was measured and sorption of the dye by the fabric was determined.As Fig. 1 shows, the sample treated with LTP was dyed more rapidly in the initial stage of dyeing than the initial fabric. Treatment in normal glow discharge thus allowed attaining elevated uniform sorption of the dyes Sandalan Dark Blue MF-GL and Red MF-2BL by the fibre even after brief exposure to the plasma.The apparent diffusion coefficients (D) of the dyes in the material i...
Introduction The impact of the pandemic is prolonged, changing people's attitudes towards the meaning of relationships, life and professional activities. Future psychologists found themselves in a difficult situation during the pandemic: it was assumed that they would be able to show resilience and support their loved ones, to find new meaning in the profession they were acquiring. But in reality, it turned out that the students themselves needed psychological support, many of them showed disappointment in the profession.Purpose setting. The purpose of this study is to assess the parameters of professional identity and resilience before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The materials of two empirical studies obtained on a sample of students (future psychologists) of different courses at the Pacific State University before and after the COVID-19 pandemic are presented. The 2019 study (N = 78) included respondents aged 17 to 25 (M = 19.8; SD = 0.65), in the 2022 study (N = 78) ‒ aged 17 to 25 (M = 20.3; SD = 0.45).Methodology and methods of the study. The following methods were applied: hardiness survey (adapted by D. A. Leontiev, E. I. Rasskazova), professional readiness method (A. P. Chernyavskaya); questionnaire of professional identity of students – future psychologists (U. S. Rodygina).Results. The analysis of correlations in two different groups allowed us to identify certain specificity of resilience in relation to professional identity before and after the pandemic. So, before the pandemic, autonomy of choice and risk taking were positively related, a passive position in acquiring a profession was negatively related to other parameters of resilience. After the pandemic, a dual nature of relationships was found, which clearly delineated students who remain in the profession and those who passively continue to study, and the indicator of involvement in life is positively associated with an active strategy and positive emotions for the future profession. The main differences among students, confirmed statistically, before and after the pandemic were in the parameters «Negative emotions associated with the dissatisfaction of a person's needs in this profession» and «Risk acceptance».Conclusion. These differences and the nature of correlations indicate a rethinking of their positions in the acquired profession and a change in the possibility of taking risks in a difficult situation. The results can be used in the training of future psychologists, including personal growth trainings and self-help groups.
The importance of having an objective and reliable standard for the unit consumption of zinc is demonstrated. A description is given of the different stages in the process of improving the systems currently used to measure zinc use and calculate zinc-consumption items. Results are presented from studies of the magnitude of the effect of different parameters of the production process on actual zinc consumption.Work is being carried out in the hot-dip galvanizing section of electric-welded pipe shop No. 2 (EWPS-2) as part of a plan to improve the quality of zinc-coated pipes and reduce costs throughout the section. One of the highest priorities is reducing the unit consumption of zinc, which accounts for from 15 to 20% of the cost of making galvanized pipe.This goal is in complete agreement with the corporate strategy, which is based on maximizing added value, ensuring that the company's pipes are competitive in the market, and maximizing customer satisfaction. The task of improving product quality is invariably allied with environmental issues, industrial safety, and energy conservation. Reducing the actual unit consumption of zinc does the following: 1) it ensures customer satisfaction based on the price/quality ratio; 2) it minimizes adverse environmental effects (alleviates the generation of solid and liquid zinc-bearing wastes and gases);3) it improves working conditions (reduces the number of operations involving the delivery, transport, correction, storage, and melting of zinc and waste products); 4) it reduces the consumption of energy resources and fuel; and 5) it reduces transportation costs. Unit zinc consumption can be decreased by improving the production process. We will use the following base formula to calculate unit norms for zinc consumption:where H is the unit norm for zinc consumption, kg/ton; F is the surface area of 1 ton of piping, m 2 /ton, F = 255:δ (δ is the thickness of the pipe wall, mm; 255 is the standard number used in calculating surface area for pipes of all diameters); C c is the amount of zinc consumed in forming the coating on the pipes, kg/m 2 ; C 1 is the amount of zinc lost with the scale, kg/m 2 ; C 2 is the amount of zinc lost in the crust, kg/m 2 ; and K n represents coefficients that account for other losses (calcination, pipe rejection, etc.).
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