BacKGrOUNd: We developed a model to estimate the female age-dependent decrease in blastocyst euploidy and the impact of blastocyst cohort size on the likelihood of having at least one euploid blastocyst for transfer. meTHOdS: retrospective analysis of 1296 trophectoderm biopsies by next-generation sequencing analysis from 436 infertile couples undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection and preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy. A logistic regression model was fit to the data. The dependent and independent variables were embryo genetic status and female age, respectively. The method of fitting was quadratic on age, and the model was validated with cross validation by a data splitting technique. reSULTS: The decrease in the probability of blastocyst euploidy follows an age-dependent binomial distribution, progressing with every year of female age, from 1.2% to 24.5% in 28-44 years-old women (P<0.0001). The minimum number of blastocysts needed to obtain at least one euploid blastocyst for transfer was computed for different probabilities and female ages. at the age of 28 years, a total of three blastocysts is required to obtain at least one euploid blastocyst with 90% probability, whereas it is 4, 5, 6, 9, 16 and 29 for ages 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, and 45, respectively. cONcLUSiONS: a novel prediction model estimates the probability of blastocyst euploidy and the number of blastocysts required to obtain at least one euploid embryo for transfer. This new resource based on f emale age and blastocyst cohort size will aid clinicians counsel and plan treatment of infertile couples undergoing iVF/icSi.
One of the challenges of the postgenomic era is characterizing the function and
regulation of specific genes. For various reasons, the early chick embryo can
easily be adopted as an in vivo assay of gene function and
regulation. The embryos are robust, accessible, easily manipulated, and
maintained in the laboratory. Genomic resources centered on vertebrate organisms
increase daily. As a consequence of optimization of gene transfer protocols by
electroporation, the chick embryo will probably become increasingly popular for
reverse genetic analysis. The challenge of establishing chick embryonic
electroporation might seem insurmountable to those who are unfamiliar with
experimental embryological methods. To minimize the cost, time, and effort
required to establish a chick electroporation assay method, we describe and
illustrate in great detail the procedures involved in building a low-cost
electroporation setup and the basic steps of electroporation.
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