Despite the fact that the Irkutsk region belongs to areas with a large supply of fresh water, the monitoring surveys carried out on the quality of drinking water from decentralized water supply have shown that the inhabitants of the region lack quality drinking water. This is especially true of the population in rural districts and small towns where water supply is mostly not centralized. Studies have revealed a significant excess of standards for sanitary-chemical and microbiological indicators due to the high content of iron, nitrates, magnesium, manganese and sulphates, increased rigidity, the presence of coliform bacteria. The main causes of non-compliance of drinking water with regulatory requirements are identified. Measures to be done to bring the quality of drinking water in line with existing requirements are recommended.
The territory of the Irkutsk region belongs to one of the most endowed with fresh water. Along with this, monitoring studies to provide residents with quality drinking water from the distribution network of centralized water supply revealed an excess of hygienic standards. The discrepancy is due to the excess content in drinking water of iron, manganese, nitrates, magnesium, increased rigidity, the presence of common and thermotolerant coliform bacteria. The main causes of poor quality of drinking water are identified, the sources of systematic pollution of water bodies are called. It was recommended to conduct activities that bring the quality of drinking water into line with the requirements of current legislation.
The monitoring of the land use in the Irkutsk and Olkhon districts of the Irkutsk region revealed the presence of negative processes. At the investigated territory, water and wind erosion develop, occupying the largest area of negative changes, landslide-talus processes, which are formed in significant quantities on steep slopes, water logging, flooding, abrasion, which is characteristic mainly of the shoreline of Lake Baikal. Disturbed lands are formed as a result of mining, geological exploration and survey work, construction, and forest management. Warehousing and burial of industrial and household waste leads to littering and pollution of the territory. Detected negative changes lead to a significant deterioration of land. The obtained updated data will allow taking measures to prevent and eliminate the development of negative processes by improving and restoring land.
Despite the fact that substantial water resources are concentrated in the Irkutsk region, the research revealed the problems of providing the population with high-quality drinking water from centralized water supply systems. Monitoring the quality of drinking water from centralized water supply showed the presence of sources that do not meet sanitary and epidemiological requirements, which is associated in the overwhelming majority of cases with the absence of sanitary protection zones. The discrepancy with the adopted regulations of a part of sanitary-chemical and microbiological samples of drinking water was revealed. Deviations are mainly caused by an excess of the content of iron, aluminum, manganese, nitrates, magnesium, as well as general and thermotolerant coliform bacteria. The reasons for the unsatisfactory state of drinking water are detected and measures are recommended to ensure the appropriate quality for the sustainable development of the area under research.
The state land monitoring in the territory of the Kachugsky and Shelekhovsky districts of the Irkutsk region revealed the development of negative processes of natural and anthropogenic nature. The conducted research revealed the distribution areas of water erosion over the entire area of the districts. Significant territories are subject to such negative natural processes as waterlogging, swamping, and flooding. Burnt areas and industrial forest use are the most widespread among negative processes of an anthropogenic nature. The obtained relevant information based on the research results can contribute to the adoption of effective management decisions to prevent the deterioration of land condition.
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