The varroa mite, Varroa destructor (Anderson and Trueman) (Acari: Varroidae), is known as the most serious ectoparasitic mite on honeybee, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in the world. Based on the spores of entomopathogenic fungi, two commercial preparations; Bioranza (Metarhizium anisopliae) and Biovar (Beauveria bassiana) were evaluated through application into the hives against varroa mite. Data showed significant differences between treatments with Bioranza and Biovar, the results were significant after 7 and 14 days post-treatment. Mean a daily fallen mite individual was significantly different between the hives before and after the applications of the two biopesticides and wheat flour. Also, mites' mortality was, significantly, different between the hives before and after treatments. There were significant differences between treatments with the two biopesticides in worker's body weight. Bioranza and Biovar did not infect the honeybee in larval, prepupal, pupal and adult stages. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy images showed spores and hyphae penetration through stigma and wounds on varroa. The results suggest that Bioranza and Biovar are potentially are effective biopesticides against V. destructor in honeybee colonies.
The Egyptian cotton leaf worm is considered the major pest that causes great damage to cotton plants as well as other vegetable crops in Egypt. Great efforts have been made to control this pest chemically. Insecticides of synthetic origin have been used to manage insect pests for more than 50 years. Due to the continuous use of chemical pesticides against this pest, resistance to the action of pesticides had dramatically evolved.
This study was planned to identify the phenolic compounds in ethanol extracts of fenugreek and yellow lupine, on the other hand, investigate the effect of water and alcoholic extracts of fenugreek and yellow lupine on the biochemical responses of the 4 th instar larvae of cotton leaf worm. In our study a recommended pesticide namely chlorpyrifos (dursban) was used as a reference. Our results indicated that seven compounds were detected in two ethanolic extracts; gallic acid (164.409 mg /ml) was the major component in fenugreek extract, while catechin was (113.705 mg /ml) the major phenolic compound in yellow lupine extract. All tested extracts showed a significant deterioration in biochemical parameters (GOT, GPT, ALP, ACP activities and total protein levels). The 10 % concentration was the best in both plants extracts, while the ethanolic extract of the fenugreek was the most effective of all the extracts used in the experiment. So, we recommended by using fenugreek and yellow lupine extracts as insecticides to control the cotton leaf worm.
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