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The research work is aimed at evaluation of microbiological quality of soybean milk highly consumed by the public in Nigeria. To verify the hygenicity, purity and safety of the Soybean consumed by the public in Nigeria. Ten samples of soybean milk locally prepared by different manufacturers were used for the study. The microbial load and identity of the microorganisms present were determined usingg the streak plate technique of isolation. Bacterial and fungal viable counts, biochemical characters of fungi present, the starch hydrolysis test and microscopic characters of the isolates were done using standard techniques. The microbial population detected in terms of number and types of organisms reflected poor hygienic standard of production, constituting a public health hazard among the populace. The products were found to contain pathogenic microorganisms like Staphylococcus aureus, E coli, some fungi (Candida species) were also found in some of the Soybean products. The implication of this study is that the quality of some commercial soybean milk preparations marketed in Nigeria needs to be critically scrutinized to avoid transmission of infections to patients through them. Also it is very necessary that producers should be enlightened about Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) as this will ensure products free of pathogenic microorganisms.

The effect of mucin on the ulcer-healing rate of clarithromycin has been investigated. The snail mucin extract was obtained from the giant African snail, Achatina achatina (Family Arionidae). The mucin was precipitated with acetone, collected and air-dried. Ulcers were induced with indomethacin in rats. The ulcer-healing rate was determined for clarithromycin alone, mucin alone and the combination of both. The control group did not receive any of the drugs. The results showed that the healing rate of clarithromycin alone was less than the healing rate achieved with clarithromycin and mucin combinations. The healing rate increased with increasing concentration of mucin. It was also observed that the ulcer-healing rate of mucin alone was higher than the healing rate of clarithromycin alone.

Comparative antimicrobial activities of the aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of Alchornea cordifolia and some Cephalosporin antibiotics of different generations available in Uy, LGA of Akwa Ibom state of Nigeria were evaluated using macro dilution assay to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the plant aqueouse and ethanol leaf extracts and of the Cephalosporin antibiotics against some pathogenic Gram positive and Gram negative organisms. Results: The extraction yielded 59.9g for aqueouse leaf extract (ALE) and 74.10 g of the ethanol leaf extract. The MIC of the leaf extracts ranging from (1.953 mg/mL - 15.625 mg/ mL) and MBC ranging from (3.906 mg/mL – 62.50 mg/mL). The cephalosporin antibiotics; Ceftriaxone (Chupet®) MIC ranging from (0.0078-0.25 mg/mL), MBC (0.0312 mg/mL – 0.25 mg/mL), Cephalexin (Sporidex®) MIC ranging from (0.009766 mg/ mL - 0.625 mg/ mL), MBC (0.01953 mg/ mL -2.50 mg/ mL) and Cefuroxime with MIC ranging from (0.0078 mg/mL-0.25 mg/mL) and MBC (1.25 mg/mL - 2.5 mg/mL). Antimicrobial substances are considered as bactericidal agent when the ratio MBC/MIC ≤ 4 and bacteriostatic when the ratio MBC/MIC is > 4. The antimicrobial activities evaluated increased in the following order of potency; A. cordifolia leaf extracts > Ceftriaxone > Cefalexin > Cefuroxime considering the values of MBC/MIC. Keywords: Antimicrobial activities, bacteriostatic, bactericidal, cephalosporin, comparative.