A review of the use of livestock wastes for sustainable fish wealth creation was done, using information from literature and field survey. Livestock wastes including animal manure and poultry by-products, which are a menace to the environment, are sources of wealth creation in fish farming. In Nigeria, about 932.5 metric tonnes of manure is produced annually from the well established livestock industries which keep expanding at the rate of 8% year-1. Nigeria is the largest importer of frozen fish in the world with a fish demand of between 106,200-128,052 MT year-1. This situation calls for increased fish production which can be achieved through the effective utilization of livestock wastes. Livestock wastes are rich source of nutrients. Integration with fish farming makes livestock wastes assets in production. Properly treated animal manure can serve as organic fertilizer/feed component for enhancing fish farming profitability and reduction of Green House Gas (CHG) emission. Poultry byproducts such as livestock offal, feather meal, housefly (Musca domestica) maggots from droppings can form part of fish feed ingredient. Research has shown that properly managed fish cultured under the integrated chicken-fish farming system are fit for human consumption. In Nigeria, integration of livestock with fish farming has lead to efficient resources utilization including labour, feed, land space, reduction on investment risk through diversification, income generation, family food source, employment opportunities and conservation of environment due to waste management.
This study detected, identified and determined the incidence of parasites present in and on Clarias gariepinus, Sarotherodon galilaeus, Oreochromis niloticus and Tilapia zillii in Ero reservoir, a tropical reservoir situated in Ikun-Ekiti, Nigeria. Fish species were randomly obtained from fishermen at the reservoir during the rainy season. Out of 55 fish samples examined, 17 (30.9%) fishes were invaded. 11(20.0%) were infected by Protozoans (Ciliates and Flagellates) and 6(10.9%) were infected by Metazoans (Myxosporean and Nematode). Parasitological examination of the 55 fish samples showed 41.2% incidence for C. gariepinus, 17.6% for S. galilaeus, 29.4% for O. niloticus, and 11.8% for T. zillii. A total of 59 parasites were recovered comprising 36 protozoans and 23 metazoans. Parasite infections were found on the skin, fins, gills, intestine, liver and kidney. Total number and percentage of parasites recovered were tabulated in relation to their host prevalence and location of specificity.
Nigeria owns significant fisheries with a coastline of 853km and over 14 million hectares of inland waters. The contribution of fisheries to the Nigerian economy is significant. However, the industry is laden with various problems. The domestic fish production (0.61MT) has fallen short of the demand (1.55million MT). To achieve the much desired fishfood sufficiency, aquaculture development is the solution.
A 56-day (eight weeks) experimental trial was carried out in the laboratory to evaluate the effect of using Bambara nut, as protein source in the diet, on the growth performance and nutrient utilization of the catfish, Clarias gariepinus. The trial diets were formulated by replacing fishmeal with 0%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% Bambara groundnut meal (BGM) in diets tagged diets Q (control diet), A, B, C and D respectively. At the end of the study, The Mean weight gain (MWG), Daily weight gain (DWG), percentage weight gain (PWG of the fish fed diet D were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of the other trial diets A, B and C but not significantly higher (P<0.05) than those fed the control diet. The protein efficiency ratios (PER) were not significantly different (P=0.05) from one another. The apparent net protein utilization (ANPU) were significantly different (P<0.05) from one another, with diet A recording the least. The SGR of the various fish were not significantly different (P>0.05) from one another. However, the SGR of the fish fed diet D (0.89) was higher than those of the other trial diets, but lower than that of the control (0.91). The food conversion ratio of the fish fed diet D (7.49) was significantly lower (P>0.05) than those of the other diet, except the control diet. The findings showed that Bambara groundnut meal was accepted and digested by the experimental fish as the conventional fish meal. Conclusively, it can be inferred from this study that Bambara groundnut has the potential to be used as a protein source and can replace and elicit good growth in fish as the conventional fishmeal.
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