Significance Laser cleaning is an important laser application and is known as the "most promising green cleaning technology of the 21st century. " It has unique advantages that make it effective in the efficient and precision cleaning of large and complex components. This technology can be used to clean parts that cannot be cleaned using traditional technology, significantly improving the cleaning efficiency and reliability of the product. Although developed countries abroad have performed much work on the basic theory, process exploration, and engineering application of laser cleaning, there are still common problems such as a low component cleaning efficiency, an unclear coupling mechanism, incomplete evaluation standards, and insufficient online monitoring technology.Therefore, researching the basic theory and equipment for efficient laser cleaning is a specific implementation goal of the "Made in China 2025" initiative, which aligns with China' s sustainable development strategy. This will assist in improving the automation level of equipment maintenance in areas such as the aerospace, rail transit, and ocean shipping sectors, and has important significance in promoting the upgrading and optimization of China' s industrial structure.This study focuses on the significant demand for laser cleaning in the aerospace, highspeed rail, and ocean shipping fields in China. It considers large and complex components such as the TA15 titanium alloy intake ports for the new generation of aerospace solidliquid ramjet engines, highspeed rail body features or bogie components, and hatch covers in oceangoing ship manufacturing as
