تقييم الأصناف الأفريقية من محصول القمح تحت الظروف الزراعية الحديثة ومعدلات البذور المختلفة في شمال أفريقيا

Abstract

The present investigation was conducted at El-Mattana Agricultural Research Station Luxor Governorate, Agricultural Research Centre in Giza Egypt. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of three sowing methods (Broadcasting, Drilling and Hills on beds method) and three seeding rates (30, 45 and 60 kg grains/fed) on the yield and its components for three bread wheat varieties (Sakha95, Sids14 and Misr 3) (Tritium aestivum L.).The results showed that the drilling method was better for cultivating wheat varieties by increasing No. of spikes/m 2 , 1000 grain weight (g), grains weight/spike (g), grain yield/fed and biological yield in the first season, the No. of grains/spike and harvest index in the second season than the broadcasting and hilling methods while the drilling was equal to the hill in the straw yield in the two seasons. The highest number of spikes/m 2 was obtained from 60 and 45 kg/fed in the first and second seasons, respectively, and the highest number of grains /spike was at a seed rate of 30 kg/fed in the first season ,while the highest weight was given for 1000 grains, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield for a seed rate of 45 kg/fed in the first season, the highest grains weight /spike for a seed rate of 45 kg/fed in the two seasons, and the harvest index for a seed rate of 45 and 30 kg/fed in the first and second seasons, respectively. Among the varieties tested, Misr 3 exhibited the highest No. of spikes/m 2 , 1000 grain weight, grain yield, straw yield and biological yield in the two seasons and grains weight /spike in second season than cultivar Sakha 95 and sids 14, wherever, the highest number of grains /spikes was cultivar Sakha 95 in the first season. The first-order interactions were significant or highly significant for most of the traits in the first season, while the second-order interaction was significant or highly significant for most of the traits in the two seasons. The interaction of the drill sowing method with a seed rate of 45 kg/fed with Misr 3 cultivar resulted in the maximum grain yield / fed in both seasons, while the interactions of the hills and broadcast method with a seed rate of 30 and 60 kg/fed with Sakha 95 cultivar yielded the minimum grain yield in the two seasons, respectively.