The oristic richness of Bosnia and Herzegovina has long been researched, but little attention has been paid to urban ora until recently, and no systematic surveys of urban ecosystems have been conducted. To address this problem, a study of the urban ora of seven cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina was conducted to determine the pattern of oristic diversity and correlation with anthropogenic factors: Size of the urban area, share of green areas in the total urban area, number of inhabitants and population density. The rst nding of the study is that cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina are rich in plant species.Species richness re ects the geographical location, so that cities in the Mediterranean biogeographical region are richer in species, such as Mostar and Blagaj, but at the same time species richness also depends on the total area of the city, as is the case with Sarajevo and Banja Luka. The analyses carried out have shown that the oristic diversity of urban ora in Bosnia and Herzegovina largely re ects the natural vegetation of the urban environment compared to urban ora in other parts of Europe. Moreover, the proportion of alien species is lower and contributes to the heterogenisation of the ora. Among the factors of anthropogenisation, population density correlates most strongly with the richness of urban ora. From the results, we conclude that urban plant diversity correlates with both environmental and anthropogenic factors, but in a way that provides a sound basis for conservation systems in urban ecosystems.