Техногенез И Структурно-Функциональные Реакции Древесных Видов: Повреждения, Адаптации, Стратегии. Часть 4. Влияние На Жизненное Состояние И Выработку Адаптивных Стратегий Древостоев.

Abstract

The present publication is the fourth in the series of four reviews of reports that have been published over the last 20 years to address the responses of arboreal plants at different hierarchical levels of their organization to anthropogenic factors. In the fourth part, modern methodological approaches to assessing the conditions of forests are considered and the most promising of them are distinguished. The conditions of forests under anthropogenic pollution deteriorate in general; however, the degree of deterioration much depends on tree species and pollution type. The resistance of biosystems to anthropogenic factors is based on adaptive responses involving all levels of biological organization, from cytogenetic to ecosystemic. Special attention is paid to adaptive responses related to plant resistance to metals. The development of the theory of the adaptive strategies of plants is traced starting from the Ramensky-Grime concept of phytocenotypes. The industrial pollution is a novel, in the historical perspective, environmental factor for plant. This makes it reasonable to develop further the concepts related to adaptive strategies of plant species with account for their adaptive potential, variability, resistance, and ecological plasticity. An original approach to the discovery and characterization of strategies of adaptation of plants to anthropogenic factors is proposed based on the analysis of current literature and decades of original studies.