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The need for research is due to the growing demand for fodder grain in the domestic consumer market and the instability of the gross yields of traditional spring crops in the region. The goal is to establish the competitive ability of triticale varieties according to the main production and economic characteristics in various zones of the region, relative to traditional spring crops. The experiments were carried out in 2012–2014 on experimental plots of zonal State Variety Testing Plot of the Amur region. During the growing season of grain crops, meteorological conditions differed from long-term readings. The triticale varieties Grebeshok, Karmen, Rovnya, Ukro and Yarilo were studied. The standards in the experiment were the wheat variety Aryuna, the barley variety Acha and the oat variety Altayskiy large-grained. In the conditions of the region, the longest growing season for wheat is 76 days, and the shortest growing season for barley is 69 days. In varieties of spring triticale, the period from germination to the economic maturity of grain is 1–2 days shorter, or the same as for wheat. The most productive crop is oats – 3.0 t/ha. Wheat yields to oats by 0.5 t/ha or 16.7%, barley yields to oats by 0.45 t/ha or 15%. In the southern zone, the yield of triticale varieties is 0.64–0.87 t/ha higher, in the central zone it is 0.37–0.61 t/ha less, and in the northern zone it is 0.17–0.46 t/ha less than the average regional values.
The need for research is due to the growing demand for fodder grain in the domestic consumer market and the instability of the gross yields of traditional spring crops in the region. The goal is to establish the competitive ability of triticale varieties according to the main production and economic characteristics in various zones of the region, relative to traditional spring crops. The experiments were carried out in 2012–2014 on experimental plots of zonal State Variety Testing Plot of the Amur region. During the growing season of grain crops, meteorological conditions differed from long-term readings. The triticale varieties Grebeshok, Karmen, Rovnya, Ukro and Yarilo were studied. The standards in the experiment were the wheat variety Aryuna, the barley variety Acha and the oat variety Altayskiy large-grained. In the conditions of the region, the longest growing season for wheat is 76 days, and the shortest growing season for barley is 69 days. In varieties of spring triticale, the period from germination to the economic maturity of grain is 1–2 days shorter, or the same as for wheat. The most productive crop is oats – 3.0 t/ha. Wheat yields to oats by 0.5 t/ha or 16.7%, barley yields to oats by 0.45 t/ha or 15%. In the southern zone, the yield of triticale varieties is 0.64–0.87 t/ha higher, in the central zone it is 0.37–0.61 t/ha less, and in the northern zone it is 0.17–0.46 t/ha less than the average regional values.
The research results (2014 - 2015) on triticale yield and its structure depending on the seed treatment are presented. The need for research is caused by increasing grain yields and gross yields in the region. This work aims to establish the dependence of yield and its structure on the pre-sowing treatment of triticale seeds by modern fungicides that are effective in extreme conditions. A two-factor field experiment was conducted on the experimental field of the Far Eastern State Agrarian University, Amur region. Options: Factor A - triticale varieties: 1. Ukro, St; 2. Yarilo; 3. Carmen. Factor B - treatment with preparations: 1. Control - water; 2. Maxim rate - 1.5 ml/l; 3. Inshur Perform - 0.4 l/ha; 4. Kinto Duo - 2 l/ha. Each variety of triticale corresponded to fourvariants of treatment with preparations. Regarding height, productive business and ear length of triticale, the differences between the preparations and the control were insignificant. The preparation of Kinto Duo increased the number of grains in the ear by 2.0 % compared with the control. Maxim and Inshur Perform by weight of 1000 grains resulted in a significant increase of 2.8 and 3.9 %, and Kinto Duo - 7.2 % compared to the control. Yield is strongly related to productive business, r = 0.798. The correlation between yield and stem length is medium r = 0.332. Between yield, ear length, number of grains in the ear, and weight of 1000 grains, the correlation dependence is weak r < 0.3. The preparation Inshur Perform increased the yield of triticale grain by 0.11 t/ha or 4.9 %, Maxim - by 0.30 t/ha or 13.4 %, and Kinto Duo - by 0.34 or 15.2 % relative to the control.
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