“…Currently there are a number of models that are quite distinct from each other including phenomenological [8] and biophysical models [9][10][11]; thalamic [12], cortical [13,14] and thalamo-cortical [15], micro- [12,16], meso- [17][18][19][20][21] and macroscale [7,16,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28] models were described. Most models aim to reproduce the characteristics of SWDs, but some of them focus on effect of abnormal activity in thalamo-cortical networks, most often the thalamus was considered as the initiation site for SWDs [29][30]. These different models show that there is a basic understanding about the contribution of various types of intrinsic currents and synaptic receptors, and of the physiological conditions under which synchronized activity in the form of sleep spindles and SWDs may occur, including the necessary feedback of thalamus to cortex and vice versa and the role of the four key elements comprising the cortical pyramidal cells and interneurons, the thalamo-cortical relay cells, and neurons of the reticular thalamic nucleus.…”