Методы Выявления Когнитивно Одаренных Детей

Abstract

A small percentage of children shows outstanding cognitive abilities and perform at m uch higher levels th an their same age peers. Psychological science has absorbed knowledge from different spheres such as psychometrics, mathematics, statistics, and psychology to develop m ethods for identifying cognitively gifted children. The study of intelligence has a long history and has been influenced by social environm ent, wars, education systems and revolutions. In this paper we focus on tw o main techniques of identifying cognitively gifted children (a) intelligence testing and (b) domain specific exams called Olympiads (e.g., m ath and physics). We provide a short his torical perspective of th e evolution of intelligence testing in Europe and th e U SA and domain specific Olympiads in Russia. We discuss advantages and lim itations of b oth techniques. Moreover, we highlight th a t cognitive neuroscientists have been trying to understand th e brain mechanisms th a t may drive cognitive abilities in highly performing children using neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fM R I). We summarize th e know l edge we gained to date from fM RI studies and show th a t th e m ajority of studies examine m ath ematically gifted male adolescents w ith m ental rotation tasks. Despite critical advances there is still a lot to be done in understanding th e semantic brain-behavior relations in cognitively gifted children.

National Physics Olympiads From the Point of View of Participants and Physics Teachers

“…Olympiads, as one of enrichment measurements used for teaching gifted children, provide good motivation and a sustainable environment for the development of students` talents (Liashenko, Khalezov, & Arsalidou, 2017;Ushakov, 2000). Studies show that most often high school students participate in the competitions to get better in physics and because of interest in physics and challenging problems solving (Kolar, 2019;Friege & Lind, 1999).…”